Provided is an aqueous ink for ink jet, containing a resin particle, and a cyclic amide-based, water-soluble organic solvent. The resin particle has a core portion that contains a cyano group-containing unit, and a shell portion that contains an aromatic group-containing unit, an anionic group-containing unit and a unit derived from a crosslinking agent, but free of cyano group-containing unit. Ink jet recording using the aqueous ink can record images that excel in abrasion resistance and gloss clarity.

Provided is an aqueous ink for ink jet, containing a resin particle, and a cyclic amide-based, water-soluble organic solvent. The resin particle has a core portion that contains a cyano group-containing unit, and a shell portion that contains an aromatic group-containing unit, an anionic group-containing unit and a unit derived from a crosslinking agent, but free of cyano group-containing unit. Ink jet recording using the aqueous ink can record images that excel in abrasion resistance and gloss clarity.

A resin emulsion to be used in a water-based ink, wherein the resin emulsion for a water-based ink is characterized by containing emulsion particles and a carboxylic acid polymer non-metal salt and by the emulsion particles containing a polymer comprising a monomer component including a nitrogen atom-containing monomer; and a resin emulsion for a water-based ink that can be used suitably in the water-based ink and a method for producing the same.

Thermoset compositions and methods for forming three-dimensional articles via an additive fabrication process, and articles made therefrom are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a composition comprises a first network-forming component comprising a TPA-based polyester comprising a backbone and having at least 2 polymerizable groups, one or more first network monomers, and a first network initiator. The backbone of the TPA-based polyester comprises the reaction product of a terephthalic acid and a polyol. The composition may further comprise a second network-forming component.

Thermoset compositions and methods for forming three-dimensional articles via an additive fabrication process, and articles made therefrom are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a composition comprises a first network-forming component comprising a TPA-based polyester comprising a backbone and having at least 2 polymerizable groups, one or more first network monomers, and a first network initiator. The backbone of the TPA-based polyester comprises the reaction product of a terephthalic acid and a polyol. The composition may further comprise a second network-forming component.

Provided is an aqueous ink for ink jet that has excellent storage stability and whose viscosity does not easily increase even in a case where the ink is stored in a severe environment such as a high temperature condition. This aqueous ink for ink jet contains a coloring material and a block copolymer. The block copolymer includes an A block having a segment A having no acid group and a group represented by Formula (1) bonded to one terminal of the segment A, and a B block having a segment B having an acid group and a group represented by Formula (2) bonded to one terminal of the segment B. ##STR00001## (In Formula (1), R.sub.1 represents an alkylene group, and M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, ammonium or organic ammonium. In Formula (2), R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each independently represent an alkyl group or the like.)

An active energy ray polymerization initiator has a structure of Chemical Formula (1) or (2),

##STR00001## L.sub.1 represents Chemical Formula (I), L.sub.2 represents Chemical Formula (II), one of L.sub.3 and L.sub.4 and one of L.sub.5 and L.sub.6 represent the same group as L.sub.1, the rest of L.sub.3 and L.sub.4 and one of L.sub.5 and L.sub.6 represent the same group as L.sub.2, Link 2 represents a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —SO.sub.2—, —C(CF.sub.3).sub.2—, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms,

##STR00002## Z represents a tertiary amine.

##STR00003## R represents a hydrocarbon group having one to three carbon atoms or methoxy group, n represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3, Link 1 represents —(CH.sub.2).sub.x—(OC.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.y—, where x represents an integer of from 2 to 12 and y represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 11.

An active energy ray polymerization initiator has a structure of Chemical Formula (1) or (2),

##STR00001## L.sub.1 represents Chemical Formula (I), L.sub.2 represents Chemical Formula (II), one of L.sub.3 and L.sub.4 and one of L.sub.5 and L.sub.6 represent the same group as L.sub.1, the rest of L.sub.3 and L.sub.4 and one of L.sub.5 and L.sub.6 represent the same group as L.sub.2, Link 2 represents a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —SO.sub.2—, —C(CF.sub.3).sub.2—, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms,

##STR00002## Z represents a tertiary amine.

##STR00003## R represents a hydrocarbon group having one to three carbon atoms or methoxy group, n represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3, Link 1 represents —(CH.sub.2).sub.x—(OC.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.y—, where x represents an integer of from 2 to 12 and y represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 11.

Certain examples relate to controlling recirculation processes in a printing apparatus. An example printing material cartridge includes a reservoir storing printing material to supply a printing apparatus; memory; and instructions for controlling a recirculation process in the printing apparatus, the instructions stored in the memory, the recirculation process to cause the printing material to move between the reservoir and a second printing material cartridge, the second printing material cartridge separately replaceable from the printing material cartridge in the printing apparatus.

An ink jet recording head that includes a substrate having an ejection orifice for ejecting a liquid and a member provided with a recessed portion for accommodating the substrate, the head including a gap formed between a wall of the recessed portion of the member and the substrate, and a sealing material that seals the gap, in which the sealing material contains a cured product of a composition containing at least a hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin, a solid basic compound, and polythiol.