A controlled portable combustion composition, comprising a carrier, where the carrier functions as a binder and as a fuel for combustion, an oxidizer, and, an auxiliary agent, where the auxiliary agent is a transitional substance and a flame retardant which renders the composition flameless; and where substantially all of the carrier, the oxidizer, and the auxiliary agent are converted to smoke at the end of said combustion.

Provided are systems and methods for solvent-free delivery of volatile compounds, where an energy source is used to release the volatile compounds. The systems and methods provided herein have at least one advantage of (1) no solvent (for example water) is required; (2) immediate release of volatile compounds (for example 1-MCP can be released from HAIP within milliseconds or seconds instead of minutes or hours of the existing method using water); and/or (3) instantly starting and stopping the delivery of the volatile compound.

Provided are systems and methods for solvent-free delivery of volatile compounds, where an energy source is used to release the volatile compounds. The systems and methods provided herein have at least one advantage of (1) no solvent (for example water) is required; (2) immediate release of volatile compounds (for example 1-MCP can be released from HAIP within milliseconds or seconds instead of minutes or hours of the existing method using water); and/or (3) instantly starting and stopping the delivery of the volatile compound.

Provided is a formulation including an agriculturally acceptable carrier and liposomes including a lipid membrane and an intraliposomal aqueous core. The liposome has a diameter in the range of between 100 nm to 300 nm and the lipid membrane includes at least one liposome forming phospholipid. The lipid membrane may include two or more phospholipids. At least one of the two or more phospholipids may be a liposome forming lipid. Further, at least one of the two or more phospholipids may be characterized by one or more of the following features: (a) it has an unsaturated lipid tail; (b) it includes a polar head group; (c) it includes an acidic head group. Further provided are methods of using the formulation for agricultural treatment and kits for preparing and using such formulations.

Provided is a formulation including an agriculturally acceptable carrier and liposomes including a lipid membrane and an intraliposomal aqueous core. The liposome has a diameter in the range of between 100 nm to 300 nm and the lipid membrane includes at least one liposome forming phospholipid. The lipid membrane may include two or more phospholipids. At least one of the two or more phospholipids may be a liposome forming lipid. Further, at least one of the two or more phospholipids may be characterized by one or more of the following features: (a) it has an unsaturated lipid tail; (b) it includes a polar head group; (c) it includes an acidic head group. Further provided are methods of using the formulation for agricultural treatment and kits for preparing and using such formulations.

A biocidal and sporicidal smoke composition(s) using iodine oxide and metal powder is provided. This composition generates iodine gas or smoke as the primary biocidal agent, as well as metal oxides that provide additional biocidal properties. The smoke producing composition is suitable for pressing into canisters of compacted powder at a load pressure range of 1500 to 7500 psi and can be used for decontamination of spaces believed to be contaminated with biological agents. The composition is also suitable for use in hand grenades, smoke pots, rifle grenades, mortars, multiple launch grenades, shoulder fired missiles, and artillery rounds, as well as first responder and commercial biological decontamination applications.

A biocidal and sporicidal smoke composition(s) using iodine oxide and metal powder is provided. This composition generates iodine gas or smoke as the primary biocidal agent, as well as metal oxides that provide additional biocidal properties. The smoke producing composition is suitable for pressing into canisters of compacted powder at a load pressure range of 1500 to 7500 psi and can be used for decontamination of spaces believed to be contaminated with biological agents. The composition is also suitable for use in hand grenades, smoke pots, rifle grenades, mortars, multiple launch grenades, shoulder fired missiles, and artillery rounds, as well as first responder and commercial biological decontamination applications.

A biocidal and sporicidal smoke composition(s) using iodine oxide and metal powder is provided. This composition generates iodine gas or smoke as the primary biocidal agent, as well as metal oxides that provide additional biocidal properties. The smoke producing composition is suitable for pressing into canisters of compacted powder at a load pressure range of 1500 to 7500 psi and can be used for decontamination of spaces believed to be contaminated with biological agents. The composition is also suitable for use in hand grenades, smoke pots, rifle grenades, mortars, multiple launch grenades, shoulder fired missiles, and artillery rounds, as well as first responder and commercial biological decontamination applications.

An apparatus for vaporizing and dispensing a pesticide features an elongated body structure, and heatsink attached to the elongated body structure at a distal end thereof. A loading port on the elongated structure feeds solid pesticide material into a closed-ended vaporization chamber inside the heatsink via a delivery passage running longitudinally of the elongated structure. A heater is operably arranged with the heatsink to vaporize the solid pesticide material. The heatsink interior features a second exhaust chamber that is radially offset from the vaporization chamber, and is only fluidly communicated therewith by a radial port near the end of the vaporization chamber fed by the delivery passage. The loaded solid pesticide falls past the radial port into the vaporization chamber, while the resulting vapor is forced through the radial port into the exhaust chamber by pressurized air fed through the delivery passage.

An apparatus for vaporizing and dispensing a pesticide features an elongated body structure, and heatsink attached to the elongated body structure at a distal end thereof. A loading port on the elongated structure feeds solid pesticide material into a closed-ended vaporization chamber inside the heatsink via a delivery passage running longitudinally of the elongated structure. A heater is operably arranged with the heatsink to vaporize the solid pesticide material. The heatsink interior features a second exhaust chamber that is radially offset from the vaporization chamber, and is only fluidly communicated therewith by a radial port near the end of the vaporization chamber fed by the delivery passage. The loaded solid pesticide falls past the radial port into the vaporization chamber, while the resulting vapor is forced through the radial port into the exhaust chamber by pressurized air fed through the delivery passage.