An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition contains a resin (A) and a resin (B) which include a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group, and the acid-decomposable group in the resin (A) and the acid-decomposable group in the resin (B) have the same structures. Regarding the resin (A) and the resin (B), |G.sub.A−G.sub.B| is from 5% by mole to 20% by mole, S.sub.A/S.sub.B is 10/90 to 90/10, |Mw.sub.A−Mw.sub.B| is from 100 to 5,000, and |Mw.sub.A/Mn.sub.A−Mw.sub.B/Mn.sub.B| is 0.05 or more.

A positive resist composition is provided comprising a base polymer end-capped with a salt consisting of an ammonium cation linked to a sulfide group and a fluorinated anion. Because of controlled acid diffusion, a resist film of the composition forms a pattern of good profile with a high resolution and reduced edge roughness or dimensional variation.

The invention provides novel zwitterionic monomers and polymers (including copolymers) with pendent phosphonium-based zwitterionic moieties, and compositions and products comprising same, as well as related methods and uses of the compositions, for example, as surfactants, coatings, and interlayer materials, biomedical materials or agents.

There is provided a polymer which is the copolymerization product from a mixture including: (a) 10-50 mol % of at least one addition polymerizable arylcyclobutene monomer; (b) 15-50 mol % of at least one addition polymerizable diene monomer; and (c) 15-60 mol % of at least one addition polymerizable aromatic vinyl monomer. The polymer can be used in electronic applications.

An object is to obtain a composition capable of: forming a uniform film even by spray coating or even when the composition is applied in the form of ink for inkjet printing; and preventing light emission from a portion other than an ITO electrode surface when the film is mounted on an organic EL device and light is emitted from the device. A conductive polymer composition contains: a composite containing a π-conjugated polymer (A) and a polymer (B) shown by a general formula (1); H.sub.2O (D) for dispersing the composite; a water-soluble organic solvent (C); and a compound (E) shown by a general formula (2). The electric conductivity of a film with a thickness of 20 to 200 nm formed from the conductive polymer composition is less than 1.00E-05 S/cm.

##STR00001##

An object is to obtain a composition capable of: forming a uniform film even by spray coating or even when the composition is applied in the form of ink for inkjet printing; and preventing light emission from a portion other than an ITO electrode surface when the film is mounted on an organic EL device and light is emitted from the device. A conductive polymer composition contains: a composite containing a π-conjugated polymer (A) and a polymer (B) shown by a general formula (1); H.sub.2O (D) for dispersing the composite; a water-soluble organic solvent (C); and a compound (E) shown by a general formula (2). The electric conductivity of a film with a thickness of 20 to 200 nm formed from the conductive polymer composition is less than 1.00E-05 S/cm.

##STR00001##

An object is to obtain a composition capable of: forming a uniform film even by spray coating or even when the composition is applied in the form of ink for inkjet printing; and preventing light emission from a portion other than an ITO electrode surface when the film is mounted on an organic EL device and light is emitted from the device. A conductive polymer composition contains: a composite containing a π-conjugated polymer (A) and a polymer (B) shown by a general formula (1); H.sub.2O (D) for dispersing the composite; a water-soluble organic solvent (C); and a compound (E) shown by a general formula (2). The electric conductivity of a film with a thickness of 20 to 200 nm formed from the conductive polymer composition is less than 1.00E-05 S/cm.

##STR00001##

Compositions for forming coatings disclosed herein can include a cationic polyelectrolyte, an anionic polyelectrolyte, nanostructures, and a crosslinking agent. The compositions, coatings, methods, and kits described herein can have improved tribological properties, hardness, and strength.

Compositions for forming coatings disclosed herein can include a cationic polyelectrolyte, an anionic polyelectrolyte, nanostructures, and a crosslinking agent. The compositions, coatings, methods, and kits described herein can have improved tribological properties, hardness, and strength.

A positive electrode includes a composite material including a positive active material and a coating layer on a surface of the positive active material, wherein the coating layer includes a copolymer including a first repeating unit represented by Formula 1 below and a second repeating unit represented by Formula 2 below:

##STR00001##

wherein Ar.sub.1, R.sub.1 to R.sub.6, A, A.sub.1,

##STR00002##

Y.sup.−, m, and n are the same as defined in the specification.