The present disclosure provides coating compositions which are transparent and hydrophobic or superhydrophobic. The coating composition may include a compound with hydrophobic moieties and a transparent binder. Methods of preparing such coatings at room temperature are also provided, along with methods of providing a transparent and hydrophobic or superhydrophobic coating to a surface. The coating compositions of the present disclosure may exhibit a transparency of at least about 95%.

The present disclosure provides coating compositions which are transparent and hydrophobic or superhydrophobic. The coating composition may include a compound with hydrophobic moieties and a transparent binder. Methods of preparing such coatings at room temperature are also provided, along with methods of providing a transparent and hydrophobic or superhydrophobic coating to a surface. The coating compositions of the present disclosure may exhibit a transparency of at least about 95%.

An encapsulant composition and a film are provided. The encapsulant composition includes 20-45 parts by weight of a component (A), 55-80 parts by weight of a component (B) and a component (C). The total weight of the component (A) and the component (B) is 100 parts by weight, and the weight ratio of the component (C) to the component (A) is 1:100 to 5:100. The component (A) includes first compound (A-1) and second compound (A-2), the component (B) is a non-modified inorganic powder or modified inorganic powder, and the component (C) is an initiator. The first compound (A-1) has structure represented by Formula (I) or Formula (II), and the second compound (A-2) is a monoalkenyl aromatic compound

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, a, b, c, d, e and f are as defined in the specification.

An encapsulant composition and a film are provided. The encapsulant composition includes 20-45 parts by weight of a component (A), 55-80 parts by weight of a component (B) and a component (C). The total weight of the component (A) and the component (B) is 100 parts by weight, and the weight ratio of the component (C) to the component (A) is 1:100 to 5:100. The component (A) includes first compound (A-1) and second compound (A-2), the component (B) is a non-modified inorganic powder or modified inorganic powder, and the component (C) is an initiator. The first compound (A-1) has structure represented by Formula (I) or Formula (II), and the second compound (A-2) is a monoalkenyl aromatic compound

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, a, b, c, d, e and f are as defined in the specification.

An article having a superhydrophobic or oleophobic ceramic polymer composite surface is formed by the coating of the surface with a fluid comprising a polymer, copolymer, or polymer precursor and a plurality of glass, ceramic, or ceramic-polymer particles. The particles have fluorinated surfaces and at least a portion of the polymer's repeating units that are fluorinated or perfluorinated. The composite can be a cross-linked polymer.

An article having a superhydrophobic or oleophobic ceramic polymer composite surface is formed by the coating of the surface with a fluid comprising a polymer, copolymer, or polymer precursor and a plurality of glass, ceramic, or ceramic-polymer particles. The particles have fluorinated surfaces and at least a portion of the polymer's repeating units that are fluorinated or perfluorinated. The composite can be a cross-linked polymer.

A composition of matter includes a mixture of styrene derivative monomers and methacrylate/acrylate derivative monomers, which have one or more urethane, carbamate, amide, and/or amine functional groups, and initiators, and the compositions are used to achieve composition control of the forming polymer, with the mole fraction of acrylate/methacrylate and styrene moieties in the forming polymer determined preferably by the chemistry and composition of the feeding monomers rather than the viscosity of the monomers.

A composition of matter includes a mixture of styrene derivative monomers and methacrylate/acrylate derivative monomers, which have one or more urethane, carbamate, amide, and/or amine functional groups, and initiators, and the compositions are used to achieve composition control of the forming polymer, with the mole fraction of acrylate/methacrylate and styrene moieties in the forming polymer determined preferably by the chemistry and composition of the feeding monomers rather than the viscosity of the monomers.

To provide a membrane electrode assembly which can suppress cracking of the catalyst layers. The membrane electrode assembly of the present invention is a membrane electrode assembly comprising an anode having a catalyst layer containing a proton-conductive polymer, a cathode having a catalyst layer containing a proton-conductive polymer, and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the proton-conductive polymer contained in the catalyst layer of at least one of the anode and the cathode is a polymer (H) having units containing a cyclic ether structure and sulfonic acid-type functional groups, and the polymer electrolyte membrane contains a porous material containing a fluorinated polymer, and a fluorinated polymer (S) having sulfonic acid-type functional groups.

To provide a membrane electrode assembly which can suppress cracking of the catalyst layers. The membrane electrode assembly of the present invention is a membrane electrode assembly comprising an anode having a catalyst layer containing a proton-conductive polymer, a cathode having a catalyst layer containing a proton-conductive polymer, and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the proton-conductive polymer contained in the catalyst layer of at least one of the anode and the cathode is a polymer (H) having units containing a cyclic ether structure and sulfonic acid-type functional groups, and the polymer electrolyte membrane contains a porous material containing a fluorinated polymer, and a fluorinated polymer (S) having sulfonic acid-type functional groups.