Method for increasing the smoothness of the free surface area of a PFA film, provided on a component by sequentially exposing it to a temperature higher than its melting temperature so as to melt at least the free surface area, lowering the temperature to solidify the melted portion, remelting the free surface area by exposing it to a temperature of at least the PFA melting temperature and again lowering the temperature. The PFA film may be provided on Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Ni or NiF.sub.2 film.

Composite membranes comprised of at least two layers, one of the layers being a silver ionomer and a second layer which is a fluorinated polymer with certain permeability properties, are especially useful for the separation of alkanes from alkenes, Particularly useful is a three-layer composite membrane in which a porous layer is laminated to the second layer.

Composite membranes comprised of at least two layers, one of the layers being a silver ionomer and a second layer which is a fluorinated polymer with certain permeability properties, are especially useful for the separation of alkanes from alkenes, Particularly useful is a three-layer composite membrane in which a porous layer is laminated to the second layer.

Composite membranes comprised of at least two layers, one of the layers being a silver ionomer and a second layer which is a fluorinated polymer with certain permeability properties, are especially useful for the separation of alkanes from alkenes, Particularly useful is a three-layer composite membrane in which a porous layer is laminated to the second layer.

Described herein are copolymers derived from certain perfluorinated sulfonyl fluoride monomers, cyclic or cyclizable perfluorinated monomers, and one or both of ethylene and/or vinyl fluoride. Group 11 metal sulfonate ionomers of these copolymers, especially silver ionomers, are useful in membranes which separate olefins from alkanes.

Described herein are copolymers derived from certain perfluorinated sulfonyl fluoride monomers, cyclic or cyclizable perfluorinated monomers, and one or both of ethylene and/or vinyl fluoride. Group 11 metal sulfonate ionomers of these copolymers, especially silver ionomers, are useful in membranes which separate olefins from alkanes.

Described herein are copolymers derived from certain perfluorinated sulfonyl fluoride monomers, cyclic or cyclizable perfluorinated monomers, and one or both of ethylene and/or vinyl fluoride. Group 11 metal sulfonate ionomers of these copolymers, especially silver ionomers, are useful in membranes which separate olefins from alkanes.

UV curing hydrophilic coating compositions and methods to make and use the compositions are disclosed. The compositions include about 40 wt. percent to about 95 wt. percent of a vinyl ether compound, an epoxide compound, a compound with vinyl ether and epoxy functional groups, or any combination thereof; about 0.1 wt. percent to about 40 wt. percent of at least one polar diluent; about 40 wt. percent or less of at least one non-polar diluent; and about 0.5 wt. percent to about 12 wt. percent of at least one photoinitiator.

UV curing hydrophilic coating compositions and methods to make and use the compositions are disclosed. The compositions include about 40 wt. percent to about 95 wt. percent of a vinyl ether compound, an epoxide compound, a compound with vinyl ether and epoxy functional groups, or any combination thereof; about 0.1 wt. percent to about 40 wt. percent of at least one polar diluent; about 40 wt. percent or less of at least one non-polar diluent; and about 0.5 wt. percent to about 12 wt. percent of at least one photoinitiator.

A separator for an electrochemical device comprising a porous polymer substrate, and a porous coating layer on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate. The porous coating layer comprises inorganic particles and an ion conducting polymer. The ion conducting polymer comprises a fluorine-based copolymer comprising fluoroolefin-based segments with anionic functional groups present in side chains or terminals, and an electrochemical device comprising the same. It is possible to provide a separator with high ionic conductivity and an increased peel strength between the porous polymer substrate and the porous coating layer, and an electrochemical device with improved properties.