The present invention provides a polyvinyl acetal resin that has an excellent dispersing property and enables the production of a formed article having high mechanical strength. Provided is a polyvinyl acetal resin having a water absorption per unit area of 2 mg/cm.sup.2 or greater and 50 mg/cm.sup.2 or less when formed into a film having a thickness of 10 .Math.m.

A pH-sensitive release system comprising a capsule capable of releasing an agent in both low pH environments and high pH environments. The capsule encapsulates an SrCrO.sub.4 agent and comprises at least two weak polyelectrolytes (e.g., PEI and PAA). The capsule responds to both low and high pH changes in the local environment by releasing the agent. The agent may include a corrosion inhibitor and may help prevent or ameliorate the effects of corrosion.

A pH-sensitive release system comprising a capsule capable of releasing an agent in both low pH environments and high pH environments. The capsule encapsulates an SrCrO.sub.4 agent and comprises at least two weak polyelectrolytes (e.g., PEI and PAA). The capsule responds to both low and high pH changes in the local environment by releasing the agent. The agent may include a corrosion inhibitor and may help prevent or ameliorate the effects of corrosion.

A cleaning liquid for excessive powder removal is provided. The cleaning liquid includes a hydrocarbon solvent having an octanol/water partition coefficient (log P.sub.ow value) of 4.5 or more. The cleaning liquid is to remove excessive powder for molding adhering to a solidified object molded using the powder for molding.

A coating for a glass and a forming method thereof, and an automotive window are provided. The coating includes: a first material layer which has a first elastic modulus; and a second material layer which includes at least one material layer, wherein the second material layer has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface is used for disposing the first material layer, the second surface is adaptable for facing a surface of the glass when the coating is applied on the glass, and the second material layer has a second elastic modulus less than the first elastic modulus. Anti-scratch ability of the coating and scratch resistance of the automotive window may be improved, which avoids scratches on the automotive window.

A coating for a glass and a forming method thereof, and an automotive window are provided. The coating includes: a first material layer which has a first elastic modulus; and a second material layer which includes at least one material layer, wherein the second material layer has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface is used for disposing the first material layer, the second surface is adaptable for facing a surface of the glass when the coating is applied on the glass, and the second material layer has a second elastic modulus less than the first elastic modulus. Anti-scratch ability of the coating and scratch resistance of the automotive window may be improved, which avoids scratches on the automotive window.

The present disclosure provides methods of coating a substrate. A method includes depositing a conductive coating including an electrically conductive material over the substrate to form a conductive layer having a sheet resistivity of about 10Ω/□ to about 1000Ω/□. The method includes depositing an anti-icing layer comprising nanomaterials over the conductive layer to form a coating system.

The present disclosure provides methods of coating a substrate. A method includes depositing a conductive coating including an electrically conductive material over the substrate to form a conductive layer having a sheet resistivity of about 10Ω/□ to about 1000Ω/□. The method includes depositing an anti-icing layer comprising nanomaterials over the conductive layer to form a coating system.

The present invention relates to a corrosion inhibitor and a corrosion inhibiting coating provided for coating a metal, particularly but not exclusively steel. The inhibitors pigment will also protect aluminium and magnesium alloys. The corrosion inhibitor particularly protects a sacrificial coating such as zinc or zinc alloy on galvanised steel, which in turn therefore provides improved corrosion resistance to the underlying steel. The present invention comprises an organic cation in a cation exchange resin.

The present invention relates to a corrosion inhibitor and a corrosion inhibiting coating provided for coating a metal, particularly but not exclusively steel. The inhibitors pigment will also protect aluminium and magnesium alloys. The corrosion inhibitor particularly protects a sacrificial coating such as zinc or zinc alloy on galvanised steel, which in turn therefore provides improved corrosion resistance to the underlying steel. The present invention comprises an organic cation in a cation exchange resin.