The present invention pertains to the use of a coating composition comprising: —at least one polymer (ZW) comprising zwitterionic repeating units derived from at least one zwitterionic monomer (A), —at least one polymer (CA) different from polymer (ZW) comprising repeating units derived from at least one carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic anhydride containing monomer (B), and—at least one crosslinking agent (CL). The invention also pertains to the use of said coating composition (C) for making frost resistant a substrate and to articles coated with composition (C).

The present invention pertains to the use of a coating composition comprising: —at least one polymer (ZW) comprising zwitterionic repeating units derived from at least one zwitterionic monomer (A), —at least one polymer (CA) different from polymer (ZW) comprising repeating units derived from at least one carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic anhydride containing monomer (B), and—at least one crosslinking agent (CL). The invention also pertains to the use of said coating composition (C) for making frost resistant a substrate and to articles coated with composition (C).

The present invention pertains to the use of a coating composition comprising: —at least one polymer (ZW) comprising zwitterionic repeating units derived from at least one zwitterionic monomer (A), —at least one polymer (CA) different from polymer (ZW) comprising repeating units derived from at least one carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic anhydride containing monomer (B), and—at least one crosslinking agent (CL). The invention also pertains to the use of said coating composition (C) for making frost resistant a substrate and to articles coated with composition (C).

An undercoat agent including a block copolymer having a plurality of blocks bonded formed on a substrate. The undercoat agent contains a resin component that includes a structural unit having an aromatic ring and a structural unit having no aromatic ring, and the resin component includes a group which can interact with the substrate and does not include a 3 to 7-membered, ether-containing cyclic group; and a method of forming a pattern of a layer containing a block copolymer. The method includes applying an undercoat agent to a substrate to form a layer containing the undercoat agent; forming a layer containing a block copolymer having multiple blocks bonded on a surface of the layer containing the undercoat agent, followed by a phase separation of the layer containing the block copolymer; and selectively removing a phase containing at least one block of multiple blocks constituting the block copolymer.

An undercoat agent including a block copolymer having a plurality of blocks bonded formed on a substrate. The undercoat agent contains a resin component that includes a structural unit having an aromatic ring and a structural unit having no aromatic ring, and the resin component includes a group which can interact with the substrate and does not include a 3 to 7-membered, ether-containing cyclic group; and a method of forming a pattern of a layer containing a block copolymer. The method includes applying an undercoat agent to a substrate to form a layer containing the undercoat agent; forming a layer containing a block copolymer having multiple blocks bonded on a surface of the layer containing the undercoat agent, followed by a phase separation of the layer containing the block copolymer; and selectively removing a phase containing at least one block of multiple blocks constituting the block copolymer.

A gas barrier polymer of the present invention is formed by heating a mixture including a polycarboxylic acid and a polyamine compound, in which, in an infrared absorption spectrum of the gas barrier polymer, when a total peak area in a range of an absorption band of equal to or more than 1493 cm.sup.−3 and equal to or less than 1780 cm.sup.−1 is A, and a total peak area in a range of an absorption band of equal to or more than 1598 cm.sup.−1 and equal to or less than 1690 cm.sup.−1 is B, an area ratio of an amide bond indicated by B/A is 0.370 or more.

A gas barrier polymer of the present invention is formed by heating a mixture including a polycarboxylic acid and a polyamine compound, in which, in an infrared absorption spectrum of the gas barrier polymer, when a total peak area in a range of an absorption band of equal to or more than 1493 cm.sup.−3 and equal to or less than 1780 cm.sup.−1 is A, and a total peak area in a range of an absorption band of equal to or more than 1598 cm.sup.−1 and equal to or less than 1690 cm.sup.−1 is B, an area ratio of an amide bond indicated by B/A is 0.370 or more.

A material and method are disclosed such that the material can be used to form functional metal pieces by producing an easily sintered layered body of dried metal paste. On a microstructural level, when dried, the metal paste creates a matrix of porous metal scaffold particles with infiltrant metal particles, which are positioned interstitially in the porous scaffold's interstitial voids. For this material to realize mechanical and processing benefits, the infiltrant particles are chosen such that they pack in the porous scaffold piece in a manner which does not significantly degrade the packing of the scaffold particles and so that they can also infiltrate the porous scaffold on heating. The method of using this paste provides a technique deposition/removal process.

A material and method are disclosed such that the material can be used to form functional metal pieces by producing an easily sintered layered body of dried metal paste. On a microstructural level, when dried, the metal paste creates a matrix of porous metal scaffold particles with infiltrant metal particles, which are positioned interstitially in the porous scaffold's interstitial voids. For this material to realize mechanical and processing benefits, the infiltrant particles are chosen such that they pack in the porous scaffold piece in a manner which does not significantly degrade the packing of the scaffold particles and so that they can also infiltrate the porous scaffold on heating. The method of using this paste provides a technique deposition/removal process.

Provided herein is a method for pretreating aluminum materials, particularly aluminum wheels, wherein an aluminum material is successively i) cleaned and subsequently rinsed, ii) optionally subjected to alkaline pickling and subsequently rinsed, iii) optionally contacted with an aqueous composition comprising at least one mineral acid, iv) optionally rinsed and v) contacted with an acidic aqueous composition comprising a) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium and hafnium compounds and b) at least one linear terpolymer prepared by controlled radical polymerisation and comprising vinylphosphonic acid monomeric units, hydroxylethyl- and/or hydroxylpropyl-(meth)acrylate monomeric units and (meth)acrylic acid monomeric units, vi) optionally rinsed, vii) optionally contacted with another aqueous composition, viii) optionally rinsed and ix) optionally dried. Further provided herein is a corresponding composition as well as the use of the materials treated according to the method.