Disclosed herein is a silane-functional hardener for carboxyl-functional resins including at least one monomer and/or oligomer and/or polymer having at least one group represented by Formula I-(a) and/or Formula I-(b) and at least one group represented by Formula II-(a) and/or Formula II-(b):

##STR00001##

where, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently represent a C1-C18 alkyl group, C1-C6 alkoxyl group, phenyl group, aryl group, hydrogen atom, chlorine atom or fluorine atom and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is a C1-C6 alkoxyl group, R.sub.4 represents a C1-C18 alkyl group, C1-C6 alkanol group, C1-C6 alkoxyl group, or hydrogen atom, R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-C18 alkyl group, or C1-C6 alkoxyl group, R.sub.6 represents a C2-C6 acyl group, C1-C18 alkylene group or arylene group and R.sub.7 represents a —NR.sub.4— group, C2-C6 acyl group, C1-C18 alkylene group, C1-C18 alkoxy group or arylene group.

The present invention provides potent antibiofilm and antifouling compounds albofungin and derivatives thereof isolated from Streptomyces chrestomyceticus BCC 24770, the construction of high-yield strains for albofungin production, and application of albofungin-based copolymer coatings to object or surfaces, particularly to inhibit fouling by marine organisms using hydrolysable and degradable antifouling coatings incorporated with albofungins.

The present invention provides potent antibiofilm and antifouling compounds albofungin and derivatives thereof isolated from Streptomyces chrestomyceticus BCC 24770, the construction of high-yield strains for albofungin production, and application of albofungin-based copolymer coatings to object or surfaces, particularly to inhibit fouling by marine organisms using hydrolysable and degradable antifouling coatings incorporated with albofungins.

A coating agent can be applied to various materials without using radiation, and a medical material using the same. The coating agent containing a copolymer that contains: a monomer unit (unit A) containing a Si—O bond; a vinyl carboxylate monomer unit (unit B); and a monomer unit (unit C) containing a hydrophilic group.

Subject-matter of the present invention are novel 3-ketocoumarins, a process for their preparation and their use as photoinitiators in photopolymerization reactions, advantageously in photopolymerization reactions for inkjet printing inks. The invention also concerns a process for the photopolymerization of compositions also comprising said 3-ketocoumarins.

Subject-matter of the present invention are novel 3-ketocoumarins, a process for their preparation and their use as photoinitiators in photopolymerization reactions, advantageously in photopolymerization reactions for inkjet printing inks. The invention also concerns a process for the photopolymerization of compositions also comprising said 3-ketocoumarins.

Provided is an antifouling coating composition containing a hydrolyzable resin (A), a first non-hydrolyzable resin (B), a second non-hydrolyzable resin (C), and an antifouling agent (D), in which a glass transition temperature Tg.sub.B [° C.] and a solubility parameter SP.sub.B of the first non-hydrolyzable resin (B), and a glass transition temperature Tg.sub.C [° C.] and a solubility parameter SP.sub.C of the second non-hydrolyzable resin (C) satisfy an expression [1]:Tg.sub.B−Tg.sub.C≥60, an expression [2]:SP.sub.B ≥9.5, an expression [3]:SP.sub.C≥9.5, and an expression [4]:SP.sub.B−SP.sub.C|≤1.0.

Provided is an antifouling coating composition containing a hydrolyzable resin (A), a first non-hydrolyzable resin (B), a second non-hydrolyzable resin (C), and an antifouling agent (D), in which a glass transition temperature Tg.sub.B [° C.] and a solubility parameter SP.sub.B of the first non-hydrolyzable resin (B), and a glass transition temperature Tg.sub.C [° C.] and a solubility parameter SP.sub.C of the second non-hydrolyzable resin (C) satisfy an expression [1]:Tg.sub.B−Tg.sub.C≥60, an expression [2]:SP.sub.B ≥9.5, an expression [3]:SP.sub.C≥9.5, and an expression [4]:SP.sub.B−SP.sub.C|≤1.0.

An antifouling coating composition, an antifouling coating film, a substrate with an antifouling coating film or a method for producing the same, an antifouling method for a substrate, or a method for repairing a substrate with an antifouling coating film. The antifouling coating composition includes a hydrolyzable copolymer (A) containing an organosiloxane block and a metal ester group, and zinc oxide (B). The copolymer (A) contains 5 to 25% by mass of a constituent unit derived from a metal ester group-containing monomer, 5 to 15% by mass of a constituent unit derived from a monomer represented by formula (2), and a constituent unit derived from a monomer represented by formula (3).

##STR00001##

A hard coating film according to an embodiment includes a substrate layer, a first hard coating layer formed on the substrate layer and satisfying a predetermined elastic recovery rate, and a second hard coating layer formed on the first hard coating layer and satisfying a predetermined water contact angle. The hard coating film according to embodiments may provide improved press resistance, scratch resistance, and flexibility.