A photosensitive resin composition of the invention contains (A) a polyimide precursor having a polymerizable unsaturated bond, (B) a photopolymerization initiator comprising a compound represented by the formula (11), (C) a thermal radical generator, and (D) a solvent containing γ-butyrolactone:

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wherein in the formula (11), R.sup.11 is a substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, or a group comprising a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group; R.sup.12 is an alkyl group including 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a group comprising a cycloalkyl group including 4 to 10 carbon atoms, a group comprising a phenyl group, or a group comprising a tolyl group; R.sup.13 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group including 6 to 20 carbon atoms.

The invention relates to aqueous polyurethane-vinyl polymer hybrid dispersions comprising, as building blocks hydrophobically modified hydroxy-functional polyesters A, acids B that have further groups which react with isocyanates under formation of urethanes, ureas, or thiourethanes, compounds G having only one hydroxyl group, and one or more tertiary amino groups, olefinically unsaturated monomers H2 having a polymerisable ethylenic unsaturation and a further functional group which reacts with an isocyanate group under bond formation, olefinically unsaturated monomers H1 having at least one polymerisable ethylenic unsaturation and no further functional group which reacts with an isocyanate group, and multifunctional isocyanates I having at least two isocyanate groups per molecule, to a process of their preparation, and to a method of use thereof.

The invention relates to aqueous polyurethane-vinyl polymer hybrid dispersions comprising, as building blocks hydrophobically modified hydroxy-functional polyesters A, acids B that have further groups which react with isocyanates under formation of urethanes, ureas, or thiourethanes, compounds G having only one hydroxyl group, and one or more tertiary amino groups, olefinically unsaturated monomers H2 having a polymerisable ethylenic unsaturation and a further functional group which reacts with an isocyanate group under bond formation, olefinically unsaturated monomers H1 having at least one polymerisable ethylenic unsaturation and no further functional group which reacts with an isocyanate group, and multifunctional isocyanates I having at least two isocyanate groups per molecule, to a process of their preparation, and to a method of use thereof.

Described herein is a mixer system for producing aqueous coating materials from at least one aqueous pigment paste A, including at least one effect pigment, and at least one pigment-free component B, including an aqueous, acrylate-based microgel dispersion having a glass transition temperature T.sub.g of 50 to 60° C., where both the aqueous pigment paste A and the component B each have a VOC value of less than or equal to 250 g/L. Further described herein is a method for producing aqueous coating materials having a VOC content of 0 to 250 g/L, in which the individual components A and B are stored separately and not mixed until shortly before application, to give the aqueous coating material. Further described herein is a method of using the mixer system of for producing aqueous coating materials for refinishing and/or for coating automobile bodies and/or plastics parts.

Provided are: a hydrophilization treatment agent; and a method for forming a hydrophilic coating film, which are capable of forming a coating film which has excellent hydrophilicity and water droplet removal properties and can maintain the excellent water drop removal properties. A polyetheramine is added to a specific aqueous resin dispersion and crosslinkable fine particles in a specific composition. Specifically, this hydrophilization treatment agent contains an aqueous resin dispersion (A), crosslinkable fine particles (B), and a polyetheramine (C), wherein: the aqueous resin dispersion (A) contains an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A1) as a resin solid content and a radical polymer (A2) having a structural unit derived from a radically polymerizable carboxylic acid monomer (A2-1); ((A1)/(A2)) is 0.43-2.33; ((B)/(resin solid content of (A)) is 0.11-1.43; and ((C)/((resin solid content of (A))+(B))) is 0.1-0.38.

Provided are: a hydrophilization treatment agent; and a method for forming a hydrophilic coating film, which are capable of forming a coating film which has excellent hydrophilicity and water droplet removal properties and can maintain the excellent water drop removal properties. A polyetheramine is added to a specific aqueous resin dispersion and crosslinkable fine particles in a specific composition. Specifically, this hydrophilization treatment agent contains an aqueous resin dispersion (A), crosslinkable fine particles (B), and a polyetheramine (C), wherein: the aqueous resin dispersion (A) contains an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A1) as a resin solid content and a radical polymer (A2) having a structural unit derived from a radically polymerizable carboxylic acid monomer (A2-1); ((A1)/(A2)) is 0.43-2.33; ((B)/(resin solid content of (A)) is 0.11-1.43; and ((C)/((resin solid content of (A))+(B))) is 0.1-0.38.

Provided is a polycarbonate-modified acrylic resin that is a reaction product of a polycarbonate diol (A) obtained from 1,4-butanediol as an essential raw material and an unsaturated monomer mixture (B) comprising as essential components methyl methacrylate, an unsaturated monomer (b1) having a hydroxyl group, and an unsaturated monomer (b2) having a carboxyl group, in which a mass ratio of the unsaturated monomer (b2) in the unsaturated monomer mixture (B) is in a range of 2 to 10%. The polycarbonate-modified acrylic resin can form a coating film having high adhesion to a plastic base material, excellent water resistance adhesion, and fragrance resistance, so that it can be suitably used as a coating material for coating various articles.

Provided is a polycarbonate-modified acrylic resin that is a reaction product of a polycarbonate diol (A) obtained from 1,4-butanediol as an essential raw material and an unsaturated monomer mixture (B) comprising as essential components methyl methacrylate, an unsaturated monomer (b1) having a hydroxyl group, and an unsaturated monomer (b2) having a carboxyl group, in which a mass ratio of the unsaturated monomer (b2) in the unsaturated monomer mixture (B) is in a range of 2 to 10%. The polycarbonate-modified acrylic resin can form a coating film having high adhesion to a plastic base material, excellent water resistance adhesion, and fragrance resistance, so that it can be suitably used as a coating material for coating various articles.

To provide a resin composition, which has both a thermosetting property and active energy curability, satisfactory performances, and excellent performances including handleability of being inexpensive without having a concern about a short pot life after blending with a thermal cross-linking agent as in the related art. The curable resin composition contains: a resin component (A) containing a (meth)acryloyl group (a), a hydroxy group (b), and an alkyl ester group (c); and an initiator (B).

A hard coating film comprising a cured (meth)acrylate-based resin having a water contact angle of 40° or less and a pencil hardness of 6H or greater at a 1 kilogram load, a hard coating composition used for the formation of the hard coating film, a method of forming the hard coating film, a laminate including the hard coating film, and an article including the laminate.