[Problem] To provide a surface treatment polymer. [Solution] A compound represented by formula (1), and a surface treatment agent including the compound. ##STR00001##

[Problem] To provide a surface treatment polymer. [Solution] A compound represented by formula (1), and a surface treatment agent including the compound. ##STR00001##

Methods and devices for forming painted circuits using multiple layers of electrically conductive paint. In one aspect, a painted circuit includes a substrate (111) and one or more paint layer (106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 120, 122) applied to the substrate, where the one or more paint layers each form an electrical component of the painted circuit. A given paint layer of the one or more paint layers includes a conductive paint formulation having a resistance that is defined by a concentration of conductive material that is included in the conductive paint formulation and a thickness of the given paint layer, and lower concentrations of the conductive material included in the conductive paint formulation provide a higher resistance than higher concentrations of conductive material.

The coating composition and coating method employs a coating composition which is coated on installations to form a coating layer, wherein the coating composition comprises: 25 to 35 parts by weight of urethane synthetic resin, acrylic resin, or epoxy resin solution; 5 to 35 parts by weight of urethane, acrylic or epoxy pigments; 10 to 20 parts by weight of PE-thermoplastic resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, polystyrene resin or glass beads; 40 to 52 parts by weight of organic solvents comprising urethane thinner and toluene; and 2 to 4 parts by weight of curing agent. The coating sheet can be attached to public or private installation, such as walls, poles, street lights, or traffic lights, to prevent adhesion of unlawful advertising materials on the installation, and can be provided with color tones same as those of the private or public installations in order not to defile the appearance of the street.

The coating composition and coating method employs a coating composition which is coated on installations to form a coating layer, wherein the coating composition comprises: 25 to 35 parts by weight of urethane synthetic resin, acrylic resin, or epoxy resin solution; 5 to 35 parts by weight of urethane, acrylic or epoxy pigments; 10 to 20 parts by weight of PE-thermoplastic resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, polystyrene resin or glass beads; 40 to 52 parts by weight of organic solvents comprising urethane thinner and toluene; and 2 to 4 parts by weight of curing agent. The coating sheet can be attached to public or private installation, such as walls, poles, street lights, or traffic lights, to prevent adhesion of unlawful advertising materials on the installation, and can be provided with color tones same as those of the private or public installations in order not to defile the appearance of the street.

The invention provides a powder coating material capable of forming a film excellent in metallic hue, concealing property and weather resistance. The powder coating material comprises the following fluororesin (A), the following resin (B) and the following pigment (C) as constituents thereof, wherein the content of the pigment (C) is from 0.7 to 23 mass %; Fluororesin (A): a fluororesin having a fluorine content of at least 10 mass %; Resin (B): a resin having a SP value larger than that of the fluororesin (A), and the difference between the SP value thereof and the SP value of the fluororesin (A) is at least 0.4 (J/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2; Pigment (C): a pigment which is a metallic pigment covered with a covering material, and the SP value of the covering material exceeds the SP value of the fluororesin (A) and less than the SP value of the resin (B).

The invention provides a powder coating material capable of forming a film excellent in metallic hue, concealing property and weather resistance. The powder coating material comprises the following fluororesin (A), the following resin (B) and the following pigment (C) as constituents thereof, wherein the content of the pigment (C) is from 0.7 to 23 mass %; Fluororesin (A): a fluororesin having a fluorine content of at least 10 mass %; Resin (B): a resin having a SP value larger than that of the fluororesin (A), and the difference between the SP value thereof and the SP value of the fluororesin (A) is at least 0.4 (J/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2; Pigment (C): a pigment which is a metallic pigment covered with a covering material, and the SP value of the covering material exceeds the SP value of the fluororesin (A) and less than the SP value of the resin (B).

Processes and formulations for manufacturing a painted circuit are disclosed. In some implementations, a painted circuit can be manufactured using a process including providing a substrate and applying one or more paint layers on a surface of the substrate, where the one or more paint layers each form an electrical component of the painted circuit. A given paint layer of the one or more paint layers can include a conductive paint formulation having a resistance that is defined by a concentration of conductive material that is included in the conductive paint formulation and a thickness of the given paint layer, and lower concentrations of the conductive material included in the conductive paint formulation provide a higher resistance than higher concentrations of conductive material.

Processes and formulations for manufacturing a painted circuit are disclosed. In some implementations, a painted circuit can be manufactured using a process including providing a substrate and applying one or more paint layers on a surface of the substrate, where the one or more paint layers each form an electrical component of the painted circuit. A given paint layer of the one or more paint layers can include a conductive paint formulation having a resistance that is defined by a concentration of conductive material that is included in the conductive paint formulation and a thickness of the given paint layer, and lower concentrations of the conductive material included in the conductive paint formulation provide a higher resistance than higher concentrations of conductive material.

An object is to provide the ferrite particles used as a magnetic filler or a raw material for a molded product excellent in dispersibility as a powder and excellent in uniformity after molding and result the surface with small unevenness; and a method of manufacturing the particles. To achieve the object, MnMg ferrite particles having an average particle size of 1 to 2000 nm and having a spherical shape are employed. It is preferable that the ferrite particles are produced by a method including subjecting of a ferrite raw material obtained through preparation of a ferrite composition to flame-spraying in air for ferritization followed by rapid cooling for solidifying of the ferrite.