Described herein is an improved process for anticorrosion pretreatment of a metallic surface including steel, galvanized steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, magnesium and/or a zinc-magnesium alloy, wherein the metallic surface is brought into contact with i) an acidic aqueous composition A which includes a1) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium and hafnium compounds, and with ii) an aqueous composition B which includes b1) at least one (meth)acrylate resin and b2) at least one phenol resin, where the metallic surface is brought into contact firstly with the composition A and then with the composition B and/or firstly with the composition B and then with the composition A and/or simultaneously with the composition A and the composition B.

Described herein is an improved process for anticorrosion pretreatment of a metallic surface including steel, galvanized steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, magnesium and/or a zinc-magnesium alloy, wherein the metallic surface is brought into contact with i) an acidic aqueous composition A which includes a1) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium and hafnium compounds, and with ii) an aqueous composition B which includes b1) at least one (meth)acrylate resin and b2) at least one phenol resin, where the metallic surface is brought into contact firstly with the composition A and then with the composition B and/or firstly with the composition B and then with the composition A and/or simultaneously with the composition A and the composition B.

A resin composition is provided. The resin composition comprises the following components: (A) a halogen-free epoxy resin; (B) a hardener; and (C) a phosphorus-containing phenolic resin of the following formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein m, n, 1, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 are as defined in the specification.

Disclosed is a coated metal pipe including a metal pipe and a multi-layered coating film that covers an outer circumferential surface of the metal pipe. The multi-layered coating film includes a chemical conversion layer and a primer layer, and these layers are provided in this order from the inside. The primer layer contains polyamide imide and at least one kind of additive component selected from polyamide, a fluorine resin, a silane coupling agent, and an epoxy resin.

Disclosed is a coated metal pipe including a metal pipe and a multi-layered coating film that covers an outer circumferential surface of the metal pipe. The multi-layered coating film includes a chemical conversion layer and a primer layer, and these layers are provided in this order from the inside. The primer layer contains polyamide imide and at least one kind of additive component selected from polyamide, a fluorine resin, a silane coupling agent, and an epoxy resin.

Described herein is an improved process for anticorrosion pretreatment of a metallic surface including steel, galvanized steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, magnesium and/or a zinc-magnesium alloy, wherein the metallic surface is brought into contact with i) an acidic aqueous composition A which includes a1) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium and hafnium compounds, and with ii) an aqueous composition B which includes b1) at least one (meth)acrylate resin and b2) at least one phenol resin, where the metallic surface is brought into contact firstly with the composition A and then with the composition B and/or firstly with the composition B and then with the composition A and/or simultaneously with the composition A and the composition B.

Described herein is an improved process for anticorrosion pretreatment of a metallic surface including steel, galvanized steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, magnesium and/or a zinc-magnesium alloy, wherein the metallic surface is brought into contact with i) an acidic aqueous composition A which includes a1) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium and hafnium compounds, and with ii) an aqueous composition B which includes b1) at least one (meth)acrylate resin and b2) at least one phenol resin, where the metallic surface is brought into contact firstly with the composition A and then with the composition B and/or firstly with the composition B and then with the composition A and/or simultaneously with the composition A and the composition B.

Disclosed is a coated metal pipe including a metal pipe and a multi-layered coating film that covers an outer circumferential surface of the metal pipe. The multi-layered coating film includes a chemical conversion layer and a primer layer, and these layers are provided in this order from the inside. The primer layer contains polyamide imide and at least one kind of additive component selected from polyamide, a fluorine resin, a silane coupling agent, and an epoxy resin.

The resin-coated metal sheet for containers includes a resin coating layer (A) having a multilayered structure mainly composed of a polyester resin on at least one surface thereof. The resin coating layer (A) includes a resin layer (a1). The resin layer (a1) adheres to the metal sheet, contains (i) a polyester resin, (ii) a phenolic resin, (iii) a metal alkoxide compound and/or a metal chelate compound, (iv) an epoxy resin, and (v) at least one selected from the group consisting of polyamine resins, polyamidoamine resins, and polyamide resins, and is mainly composed of the polyester resin. Preferably, a polyester film (a2) is disposed on the resin layer (a1).

An exothermic welding container (100) can be formed, including as a single-use or other welding mold with a welding chamber (104) and crucible chamber (102). The welding container can be printed using additive manufacturing methods, including via binder jet printing with ceramic or other fines and a binder of furfuryl alcohol or phenolic materials. An additive manufacturing system can iteratively deposit and fuse layers of material (150A, 150B, 150C) to create a three-dimensional exothermic welding container in accordance with a digital model of the welding container.