Disclosed herein is a silane-functional hardener for carboxyl-functional resins including at least one monomer and/or oligomer and/or polymer having at least one group represented by Formula I-(a) and/or Formula I-(b) and at least one group represented by Formula II-(a) and/or Formula II-(b):

##STR00001##

where, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently represent a C1-C18 alkyl group, C1-C6 alkoxyl group, phenyl group, aryl group, hydrogen atom, chlorine atom or fluorine atom and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is a C1-C6 alkoxyl group, R.sub.4 represents a C1-C18 alkyl group, C1-C6 alkanol group, C1-C6 alkoxyl group, or hydrogen atom, R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-C18 alkyl group, or C1-C6 alkoxyl group, R.sub.6 represents a C2-C6 acyl group, C1-C18 alkylene group or arylene group and R.sub.7 represents a —NR.sub.4— group, C2-C6 acyl group, C1-C18 alkylene group, C1-C18 alkoxy group or arylene group.

Disclosed herein is a silane-functional hardener for carboxyl-functional resins including at least one monomer and/or oligomer and/or polymer having at least one group represented by Formula I-(a) and/or Formula I-(b) and at least one group represented by Formula II-(a) and/or Formula II-(b):

##STR00001##

where, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently represent a C1-C18 alkyl group, C1-C6 alkoxyl group, phenyl group, aryl group, hydrogen atom, chlorine atom or fluorine atom and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is a C1-C6 alkoxyl group, R.sub.4 represents a C1-C18 alkyl group, C1-C6 alkanol group, C1-C6 alkoxyl group, or hydrogen atom, R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-C18 alkyl group, or C1-C6 alkoxyl group, R.sub.6 represents a C2-C6 acyl group, C1-C18 alkylene group or arylene group and R.sub.7 represents a —NR.sub.4— group, C2-C6 acyl group, C1-C18 alkylene group, C1-C18 alkoxy group or arylene group.

The present invention relates to an organic solvent composition and a paint composition including the same, and more particularly, an organic solvent composition including 50 to 75 wt % of C10 aromatic hydrocarbon, 25 to 40 wt % of C9 aromatic hydrocarbon, and less than 150 ppm of naphthalene, in which a weight ratio of trimethylbenzene and tetramethylbenzene is 50:50 to 90:10.

The present invention relates to an organic solvent composition and a paint composition including the same, and more particularly, an organic solvent composition including 50 to 75 wt % of C10 aromatic hydrocarbon, 25 to 40 wt % of C9 aromatic hydrocarbon, and less than 150 ppm of naphthalene, in which a weight ratio of trimethylbenzene and tetramethylbenzene is 50:50 to 90:10.

Methods of coating a substrate are disclosed. The methods comprise applying shear force to a coating composition either before or during application of the coating composition to the substrate. The coating composition comprises a water-borne or solvent-borne film-forming resin and a catalyst associated with a carrier, wherein at least some of the catalyst can be released from the carrier upon application of the shear force. Also provided are coated articles prepared by the methods.

Methods of coating a substrate are disclosed. The methods comprise applying shear force to a coating composition either before or during application of the coating composition to the substrate. The coating composition comprises a water-borne or solvent-borne film-forming resin and a catalyst associated with a carrier, wherein at least some of the catalyst can be released from the carrier upon application of the shear force. Also provided are coated articles prepared by the methods.

Methods of printing a three-dimensional object using co-reactive components are disclosed. Thermosetting compositions for three-dimensional printing are also disclosed.

Methods of printing a three-dimensional object using co-reactive components are disclosed. Thermosetting compositions for three-dimensional printing are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to an acid-resistant and alkali-resistant composition, a preparation process thereof and use thereof in producing an article, and an article comprising a substrate coated or impregnated with the same and the preparation method and use of the article. The composition contains: at least one aqueous polyurethane dispersion having a carboxyl group; at least one crosslinking agent having an isocyanate reactive group; at least one crosslinking agent having a carboxyl reactive group; and optionally an additive; wherein, the amount of the carboxyl groups in said aqueous polyurethane dispersion is more than 0.05 wt %, based on the amount of said aqueous polyurethane dispersion being 100 wt %; the amount of said crosslinking agent having an isocyanate reactive group is 0.2 wt %-10 wt %, based on the amount of said composition being 100 wt %; the molar ratio of the carboxyl reactive groups to the carboxyl groups of said composition is more than 0.5. The film formed with the composition of the present invention has good acid-resistance and alkali-resistance. The product obtained by treating with the composition of the present invention has flat appearance and good handfed.

A process for producing coated urea-containing fertilizer particles, comprising the following steps: A) forming at least one polyurea layer on the uncoated urea-containing fertilizer, and then B) forming at least one polyurethane layer on the at least one polyurea layer on the urea-containing fertilizer.