This laminated body comprises an organic resin substrate, and single layer of an active energy ray-curable resin layer (i) and an inorganic deposition layer (ii) that are sequentially laminated on the organic resin substrate, wherein a power spectrum obtained by performing Fourier transformation on the wavenumber of a reflected wave spectrum obtained by reflectivity spectroscopy at the layer (i) and plotting the amplitude thereof with respect to the length dimension has, at L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 that are equal to or greater than a length dimension threshold L.sub.0, a first local maximum value S.sub.1 and a second local maximum value S.sub.2, respectively, and when L.sub.0 is defined as an arbitrary value within a range of 1-310.sup.6 m, in a defined range of the power spectrum excluding the range of L.sub.0 or less, the first local maximum value S.sub.1 has a signal-to-noise ratio SI/N of at least 5 with respect to noise N, and the second local maximum value S.sub.2 has a signal-to-noise ratio S.sub.2/N of at least 2 with respect to noise N. The laminated body exhibits, despite the fact that said laminated body has a single intermediate layer composed of an active energy ray-curable film between the organic resin substrate and the inorganic deposition layer, weather fastness and adhesiveness comparable to or better than those of a laminated body having a plurality of thermoset films as intermediate layers.

A hollow body includes a wall which at least partially surrounds an interior volume of the hollow body. The wall comprises a layer of glass and has a wall surface. The wall surface comprises a surface region which is characterized by a contact angle for wetting with water of at least 80. A process for making an item; a hollow body obtainable by this process; a closed container; a process for packaging a pharmaceutical composition; a closed hollow body obtainable by this process; a use of one of the hollow bodies; and a use of a perfluorinated silane or a perfluorosulfonic acid or both is also provided.

Provided are a laminate including a base material, and an anti-fogging layer provided on at least a part of the base material, in which the anti-fogging layer contains a siloxane binder, silica particles, and a water absorption organic polymer, a water absorption amount of the anti-fogging layer is in a range of 1.5 mg/cm.sup.2 to 25.0 mg/cm.sup.2, a water contact angle of a surface of the anti-fogging layer is in a range of 1 to 20, and a film thickness of the anti-fogging layer is more than 1 m and 10 m or less; a method of producing the same; and an anti-fogging coating composition which is suitably used for formation of the anti-fogging layer.

Provided are a laminate including a base material, and an anti-fogging layer provided on at least a part of the base material, in which the anti-fogging layer contains a siloxane binder, silica particles, and a water absorption organic polymer, a water absorption amount of the anti-fogging layer is in a range of 1.5 mg/cm.sup.2 to 25.0 mg/cm.sup.2, a water contact angle of a surface of the anti-fogging layer is in a range of 1 to 20, and a film thickness of the anti-fogging layer is more than 1 m and 10 m or less; a method of producing the same; and an anti-fogging coating composition which is suitably used for formation of the anti-fogging layer.

Coated articles demonstrating anti-fouling properties are provided, comprising: (a) a substrate comprising sapphire; (b) an adhesion promoting layer applied to the substrate; and (c) a top layer comprising at least an anti-fouling coating applied to the adhesion promoting layer. The adhesion promoting layer is formed from a curable sol-gel composition and has a dry film thickness less than 1000 nm after curing. The present invention also provides a method of forming a coated article comprising: (a) applying a curable film-forming sol-gel composition on a sapphire substrate, to form a coated substrate with a sol-gel adhesion promoting layer having a dry film thickness less than 1000 nm after curing; (b) subjecting the coated substrate to a temperature of at least 500 C. to effect cure of the sol-gel composition; and (c) applying at least an anti-fouling coating on the adhesion promoting layer to form a multi-layer, coated article.

Coated articles demonstrating anti-fouling properties are provided, comprising: (a) a substrate comprising sapphire; (b) an adhesion promoting layer applied to the substrate; and (c) a top layer comprising at least an anti-fouling coating applied to the adhesion promoting layer. The adhesion promoting layer is formed from a curable sol-gel composition and has a dry film thickness less than 1000 nm after curing. The present invention also provides a method of forming a coated article comprising: (a) applying a curable film-forming sol-gel composition on a sapphire substrate, to form a coated substrate with a sol-gel adhesion promoting layer having a dry film thickness less than 1000 nm after curing; (b) subjecting the coated substrate to a temperature of at least 500 C. to effect cure of the sol-gel composition; and (c) applying at least an anti-fouling coating on the adhesion promoting layer to form a multi-layer, coated article.

An inorganic hydrophilic coating solution including (a) an aqueous solution containing an amorphous silicate compound obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing a tetrafunctional silicon compound having a purity of 99.0 mass % or greater in an aqueous medium in the presence of a basic compound at a temperature within a range from normal temperature to 170? C., (b) water, and optionally, (c) not more than 30 mass % of an alcohol, a ketone, or a surfactant, where the concentration of the solid fraction derived from the aqueous solution containing the amorphous silicate compound is 0.01 to 2.0 mass % and the pH is 5 to 8; an inorganic hydrophilic coating film formed from a dried and cured product of the inorganic hydrophilic coating solution; a member having a substrate and the inorganic hydrophilic coating film formed on the surface of the substrate; and a cover panel for a solar cell module including the member.

An inorganic hydrophilic coating solution including (a) an aqueous solution containing an amorphous silicate compound obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing a tetrafunctional silicon compound having a purity of 99.0 mass % or greater in an aqueous medium in the presence of a basic compound at a temperature within a range from normal temperature to 170? C., (b) water, and optionally, (c) not more than 30 mass % of an alcohol, a ketone, or a surfactant, where the concentration of the solid fraction derived from the aqueous solution containing the amorphous silicate compound is 0.01 to 2.0 mass % and the pH is 5 to 8; an inorganic hydrophilic coating film formed from a dried and cured product of the inorganic hydrophilic coating solution; a member having a substrate and the inorganic hydrophilic coating film formed on the surface of the substrate; and a cover panel for a solar cell module including the member.

Desired are thin coating layers for imparting excellent water repellency, excellent water slipperiness, and satisfactory coating-film durability especially to metallic, coating, or resinous surfaces of automotive bodies or train vehicles. The present invention was able to solve the problem by using a coating material composition having a specific makeup. The coating material composition of the present invention comprises 1 part by mass of silica particles (a), 0.01-1.8 parts by mass of a reactive silicone oligomer (b), 0.05-10 parts by mass of a given silicate compound (c), and 30-300 parts by mass of an organic solvent (e) and further contains an organic acid compound (d) in an amount of 0.001-0.5 parts by mass per part by mass of the sum of components (b) and (c).

The invention relates to a method for producing a neutral barrier layer for coating the inner surface of a receptacle for holding products that are biocompatible for humans and/or animals, and to the receptacle obtained by said method. According to the invention, a solution is formed that contains at least one solvent, water, at least one complexing molecular alkoxysilane precursor, at least one surfactant, at least one pigment and/or coloring agent, and a catalytic acid, the complexed solution, which is undergoing hydrolysis and condensation, is homogeneously applied to at least one portion of the inner surface of the receptacle, the applied solution is dried at a specific drying temperature such that a layer is formed which is opaque, translucid and/or forms a particular pattern, and the receptacle is conveyed away, stored and filled with the product.