Polymers useful for imparting flame resistance to fibers and textiles are provided herein. The polymers are water-soluble, phosphine oxide-containing polymers that may be reaction products of hydroxymethyl phosphonium salts or hydroxymethyl phosphines with linking monomers, wherein at least 20% of the phosphorous atoms of the polymer are present as phosphine oxides. Formulations including the polymers and methods of using the polymers to impart flame resistance to fibers and textiles are also disclosed.

Polymers useful for imparting flame resistance to fibers and textiles are provided herein. The polymers are water-soluble, phosphine oxide-containing polymers that may be reaction products of hydroxymethyl phosphonium salts or hydroxymethyl phosphines with linking monomers, wherein at least 20% of the phosphorous atoms of the polymer are present as phosphine oxides. Formulations including the polymers and methods of using the polymers to impart flame resistance to fibers and textiles are also disclosed.

Various examples are directed to a glucose sensor comprising a working electrode to support an oxidation reaction and a reference electrode to support a redox reaction. The reference electrode may comprise silver and silver chloride. The Glucose sensor may also comprise an anti-mineralization agent positioned at the reference electrode to reduce formation of calcium carbonate at the reference electrode.

The present invention provides a cell culture container for long term non-adherent cell culture which comprises having a coating containing a copolymer which is a copolymer having a recurring unit which contains a group represented by the following formula (a), a recurring unit which contains a group represented by the following formula (b), and a recurring unit which contains a group represented by the following formula (c), and a molar ratio of the recurring unit which contains a group represented by the formula (c) being 1 to 50 mol % based on the whole copolymer, provided with at least a part of a surface thereof

##STR00001## [wherein, U.sup.a1, U.sup.a2, U.sup.b1, U.sup.b2 and U.sup.b3, R.sup.c, and An.sup. are as defined in the specification and Claims.]

The present invention provides a cell culture container for long term non-adherent cell culture which comprises having a coating containing a copolymer which is a copolymer having a recurring unit which contains a group represented by the following formula (a), a recurring unit which contains a group represented by the following formula (b), and a recurring unit which contains a group represented by the following formula (c), and a molar ratio of the recurring unit which contains a group represented by the formula (c) being 1 to 50 mol % based on the whole copolymer, provided with at least a part of a surface thereof

##STR00001## [wherein, U.sup.a1, U.sup.a2, U.sup.b1, U.sup.b2 and U.sup.b3, R.sup.c, and An.sup. are as defined in the specification and Claims.]

A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have a conformal-coating to protect the WGP from at least one of the following: corrosion, dust, and damage due to tensile forces in a liquid on the WGP. The conformal-coating can include a silane conformal-coating with chemical formula (1), chemical formula (2), or combinations thereof:

##STR00001##

A method of applying a conformal-coating over a WGP can include exposing the WGP to Si(R.sup.1).sub.a(R.sup.2).sub.e(R.sup.3).sub.g. In the above WGP and method, X can be a bond to the ribs; each R.sup.1 can be a hydrophobic group; each R.sup.3, if any, can be any chemical element or group; d can be 1, 2, or 3, e can be 1, 2, or 3, g can be 0, 1, or 2, and d+e+g=4; R.sup.2 can be a silane-reactive-group; and each R.sup.6 can be an alkyl group, an aryl group, or combinations thereof.

A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have a conformal-coating to protect the WGP from at least one of the following: corrosion, dust, and damage due to tensile forces in a liquid on the WGP. The conformal-coating can include a silane conformal-coating with chemical formula (1), chemical formula (2), or combinations thereof:

##STR00001##

A method of applying a conformal-coating over a WGP can include exposing the WGP to Si(R.sup.1).sub.a(R.sup.2).sub.e(R.sup.3).sub.g. In the above WGP and method, X can be a bond to the ribs; each R.sup.1 can be a hydrophobic group; each R.sup.3, if any, can be any chemical element or group; d can be 1, 2, or 3, e can be 1, 2, or 3, g can be 0, 1, or 2, and d+e+g=4; R.sup.2 can be a silane-reactive-group; and each R.sup.6 can be an alkyl group, an aryl group, or combinations thereof.

The invention relates to a cell culture container that inhibits adhesion of cells, a method for manufacturing the same and a method for producing cell aggregates using the same. The cell culture container has a coating film containing a copolymer having a recurring unit which contains a group represented by formula (a) and a recurring unit which contains a group represented by formula (b):

##STR00001##

wherein U.sup.a1, U.sup.a2, U.sup.b1, U.sup.b2 and U.sup.b3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and An.sup. represents an anion selected from the group consisting of a halide ion, an inorganic acid ion, a hydroxide ion and an isothiocyanate ion, on at least a part of a surface of the container, and the volume of the container is 20 L or less.

The invention relates to a cell culture container that inhibits adhesion of cells, a method for manufacturing the same and a method for producing cell aggregates using the same. The cell culture container has a coating film containing a copolymer having a recurring unit which contains a group represented by formula (a) and a recurring unit which contains a group represented by formula (b):

##STR00001##

wherein U.sup.a1, U.sup.a2, U.sup.b1, U.sup.b2 and U.sup.b3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and An.sup. represents an anion selected from the group consisting of a halide ion, an inorganic acid ion, a hydroxide ion and an isothiocyanate ion, on at least a part of a surface of the container, and the volume of the container is 20 L or less.

A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have a conformal-coating to protect the WGP from at least one of the following: corrosion, dust, and damage due to tensile forces in a liquid on the WGP. The conformal-coating can include a silane conformal-coating with chemical formula (1), chemical formula (2), or combinations thereof: ##STR00001##
A method of applying a conformal-coating over a WGP can include exposing the WGP to Si(R.sup.1).sub.d(R.sup.2).sub.e(R.sup.3).sub.g. In the above WGP and method, X can be a bond to the ribs; each R.sup.1 can be a hydrophobic group; each R.sup.3, if any, can be any chemical element or group; d can be 1, 2, or 3, e can be 1, 2, or 3, g can be 0, 1, or 2, and d+e+g=4; R.sup.2 can be a silane-reactive-group; and each R.sup.6 can be an alkyl group, an aryl group, or combinations thereof.