A frozen material prevention system for preventing a freezable material in a fluid flow from freezing and accumulating frozen material in a flow path, including, a surface configured to interact with a freezable-material-miscible (FMM) liquid to retain the FMM liquid to the surface. The system can include the FMM liquid. The FMM liquid can be configured to absorb the freezable material to prevent freezing and accumulation of frozen material on the surface.

The present invention relates to a water-repellent film having frost resistance, including a hygroscopic layer provided on or above a substrate, and a water-repellent layer provided on or above the hygroscopic layer, in which the water-repellent layer contains a water-repellent layer substrate and a water-repellent component attached to the water-repellent layer substrate.

The present invention relates to a water-repellent film having frost resistance, including a hygroscopic layer provided on or above a substrate, and a water-repellent layer provided on or above the hygroscopic layer, in which the water-repellent layer contains a water-repellent layer substrate and a water-repellent component attached to the water-repellent layer substrate.

Although a composition for formation of a coating film is sometimes required to have satisfactory storage stability, it could not be said that a conventionally known composition has sufficient storage stability. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composition comprising an organosilicon compound which is excellent in storage stability. The present invention provides a composition comprising an organosilicon compound (A) represented by the following formula (a1), a metal compound (B) represented by the following formula (b1), a carboxylic acid compound (C), and an acid catalyst. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides peptoid polymers and salts thereof that comprise hydrophobic and polar peptoid monomers and are capable of reducing or inhibiting the formation of ice crystals at sub 0° C. temperatures. Also provided are peptoid-peptide hybrids and salts thereof comprising the peptoid polymers provided herein. The peptoid polymers, peptoid-peptide hybrids, and salts thereof provided herein are useful for making cryoprotectant solutions. The peptoid polymers, peptoid-peptide hybrids, salts thereof, and cryoprotectant solutions provided herein are useful for making antifreeze solutions, frozen food products, and cosmetic care products. Also provided herein are methods for preserving a tissue, an organ, a cell, or a biological macromolecule using the compositions described herein.

The present invention provides peptoid polymers and salts thereof that comprise hydrophobic and polar peptoid monomers and are capable of reducing or inhibiting the formation of ice crystals at sub 0° C. temperatures. Also provided are peptoid-peptide hybrids and salts thereof comprising the peptoid polymers provided herein. The peptoid polymers, peptoid-peptide hybrids, and salts thereof provided herein are useful for making cryoprotectant solutions. The peptoid polymers, peptoid-peptide hybrids, salts thereof, and cryoprotectant solutions provided herein are useful for making antifreeze solutions, frozen food products, and cosmetic care products. Also provided herein are methods for preserving a tissue, an organ, a cell, or a biological macromolecule using the compositions described herein.

A soft water- and oil-repellent comprising, as an active ingredient, a copolymer of a perfluoropolyether alcohol (meth)acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula:

CH.sub.2═CR.sub.1COOCH.sub.2CF(CF.sub.3)[OCF.sub.2CF(CF.sub.3)].sub.nOC.sub.3F.sub.7  [I]

(wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and n is an integer of 1 to 20), and a (meth)acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula:

CH.sub.2═CR.sub.1COOR.sub.2  [II]

(wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group) and having a glass transition temperature Tg of 51 to 120° C. The soft water- and oil-repellent gives a coating film formed from a coating agent which closely follows the deformation of rubber or resin, and exhibits water- and oil-repellency.

A soft water- and oil-repellent comprising, as an active ingredient, a copolymer of a perfluoropolyether alcohol (meth)acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula:

CH.sub.2═CR.sub.1COOCH.sub.2CF(CF.sub.3)[OCF.sub.2CF(CF.sub.3)].sub.nOC.sub.3F.sub.7  [I]

(wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and n is an integer of 1 to 20), and a (meth)acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula:

CH.sub.2═CR.sub.1COOR.sub.2  [II]

(wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group) and having a glass transition temperature Tg of 51 to 120° C. The soft water- and oil-repellent gives a coating film formed from a coating agent which closely follows the deformation of rubber or resin, and exhibits water- and oil-repellency.

The present invention is directed to a coated substrate including a substrate that is part of an aerospace, a wind turbine, or a marine structure; and an exterior coating on the substrate, the exterior coating including an icephobic or a low ice adhesion composition including an indicator that is an additive that is detectable or measurable as the exterior coating wears; wherein the indicator provides indicia of wear of the exterior coating; and a method of inspecting the exterior coating on the substrate.

The present invention is directed to a coated substrate including a substrate that is part of an aerospace, a wind turbine, or a marine structure; and an exterior coating on the substrate, the exterior coating including an icephobic or a low ice adhesion composition including an indicator that is an additive that is detectable or measurable as the exterior coating wears; wherein the indicator provides indicia of wear of the exterior coating; and a method of inspecting the exterior coating on the substrate.