In one aspect, a spray foam chemical conversion coating includes a non-hexavalent chromium aqueous chemical conversion coating solution, a foaming agent, and a propellant. In another aspect, a method of producing a corrosion-resistant coating includes spraying a foam chemical conversion coating on a surface of a metal substrate, allowing the foam chemical conversion coating to react with the surface, and removing excess foam chemical conversion coating from the surface. The foam chemical conversion coating contains no hexavalent chromium.

A heat transfer composition includes: (i) trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)); (ii) a second component selected from difluoromethane (R-32), propene (R-1270), propane (R290) and mixtures thereof; (iii) a third component selected from pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-34a), and mixtures thereof; and optionally (iv) a fourth component selected from fluoroethane (R-161), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) and mixtures thereof.

A heat transfer composition includes: (i) trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)); (ii) a second component selected from difluoromethane (R-32), propene (R-1270), propane (R290) and mixtures thereof; (iii) a third component selected from pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-34a), and mixtures thereof; and optionally (iv) a fourth component selected from fluoroethane (R-161), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) and mixtures thereof.

To provide a propellant which has sufficient propelling performance and of which a component to be sprayed imposes low environmental burden, a propellant composition and a sprayer. A propellant composition comprising a propellant containing 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and a pressurizing agent, and a sprayer comprising the propellant composition, a container in which the propellant composition is contained, and a spray unit to spray the propellant composition to the outside of the container.

To provide a propellant which has sufficient propelling performance and of which a component to be sprayed imposes low environmental burden, a propellant composition and a sprayer. A propellant composition comprising a propellant containing 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and a pressurizing agent, and a sprayer comprising the propellant composition, a container in which the propellant composition is contained, and a spray unit to spray the propellant composition to the outside of the container.

A solvent system is provided, which enables increased amount of exact color tone recipes even when using with currently known dispensing machines having a minimum dispensing limit of 0.01-0.02 ml of a color paste component. The system enables a capability of tinting paints in a tone-accurate manner even into aerosol paint cans of small filling volume. The system provides a capability of radically reducing the amount of various ready-to-use aerosol paints and aerosol base paints stocked by a storekeeper. The disclosure provides an aerosol paint for tinting, as well as a tinted aerosol paint which is suitable for use in a process of mechanized tinting, and by which a good paint coverage on a painted surface is achieved.

A solvent system is provided, which enables increased amount of exact color tone recipes even when using with currently known dispensing machines having a minimum dispensing limit of 0.01-0.02 ml of a color paste component. The system enables a capability of tinting paints in a tone-accurate manner even into aerosol paint cans of small filling volume. The system provides a capability of radically reducing the amount of various ready-to-use aerosol paints and aerosol base paints stocked by a storekeeper. The disclosure provides an aerosol paint for tinting, as well as a tinted aerosol paint which is suitable for use in a process of mechanized tinting, and by which a good paint coverage on a painted surface is achieved.

The present disclosure provides a novel azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane (HCFC-142), or 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141); and a separation method using the composition.

An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HFC-143. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HCFC-142. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HCFC-141. A separation method of a composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and at least one member selected from the group consisting of HFC-143, HCFC-142, and HCFC-141.

The present disclosure provides a novel azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane (HCFC-142), or 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141); and a separation method using the composition.

An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HFC-143. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HCFC-142. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HCFC-141. A separation method of a composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and at least one member selected from the group consisting of HFC-143, HCFC-142, and HCFC-141.

An ozone water production apparatus includes: a solution accommodation unit configured to accommodate a magnesium solution in which 1.0 mass % or more and less than 4.0 mass % of a magnesium compound is dissolved in water; and a bubble introduction unit configured to introduce fine bubbles of ozone into the magnesium solution.