An oil adsorbent is manufactured by including performing heat treatment on a non-woven fabric for low-temperature carbonization, and has the effect of adsorbing and evaporating oil having various carbon numbers ranging from a low boiling point to a high boiling point to remove the oil, has photothermal conversion efficiency, high evaporation efficiency of oil by sunlight, and a high adsorption amount and high adsorption rate, thereby making the adsorption-evaporation cycle fast and efficiently performing the adsorption-evaporation, and has an environmentally friendly effect that does not cause any environmental problems even if the oil adsorbent is put into a river, a sea, or the like and then lost.

The present invention is a lubricating agent containing a compound represented by the following formula 1:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a hydrocarbon group with 6 or more and 24 or less carbons; A.sup.10 and A.sup.2O each represent an alkyleneoxy group with 2 or more and 4 or less carbons; x1 and x2 are average numbers of added moles, and each represent a number of 0 or more and 10 or less; and M is a cationic ion.

The present invention is a lubricating agent containing a compound represented by the following formula 1:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a hydrocarbon group with 6 or more and 24 or less carbons; A.sup.10 and A.sup.2O each represent an alkyleneoxy group with 2 or more and 4 or less carbons; x1 and x2 are average numbers of added moles, and each represent a number of 0 or more and 10 or less; and M is a cationic ion.

CNT foams and methods are provided. The methods may include forming, in a non-solvent liquid, a suspension of CNTs and particles of a pyrolytic polymer; removing the non-solvent liquid; and removing the particles of the pyrolytic polymer to produce a CNT foam having cells that at least substantially correspond to the dimensions of the particles of the pyrolytic polymer. CNT foams having porous structures also are provided.

CNT foams and methods are provided. The methods may include forming, in a non-solvent liquid, a suspension of CNTs and particles of a pyrolytic polymer; removing the non-solvent liquid; and removing the particles of the pyrolytic polymer to produce a CNT foam having cells that at least substantially correspond to the dimensions of the particles of the pyrolytic polymer. CNT foams having porous structures also are provided.

Oleophilic-hydrophobic-magnetic (OHM) porous materials are provided. In embodiments, an OHM porous material comprises a porous substrate having a solid matrix defining a plurality of pores distributed through the solid matrix, the OHM porous material further comprising a coating of a nanocomposite on surfaces of the solid matrix. The nanocomposite comprises a multilayer stack of a plurality of layers of a two-dimensional, layered material having nucleation sites interleaved between a plurality of layers of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein individual layers of magnetic nanoparticles in the plurality of layers of magnetic nanoparticles are each directly anchored on a surface of a layer of the plurality of layers of the two-dimensional, layered material via the nucleation sites, and are each separated by multiple layers of the plurality of layers of the two-dimensional, layered material. Methods of making and using the OHM porous materials are also provided.

Oleophilic-hydrophobic-magnetic (OHM) porous materials are provided. In embodiments, an OHM porous material comprises a porous substrate having a solid matrix defining a plurality of pores distributed through the solid matrix, the OHM porous material further comprising a coating of a nanocomposite on surfaces of the solid matrix. The nanocomposite comprises a multilayer stack of a plurality of layers of a two-dimensional, layered material having nucleation sites interleaved between a plurality of layers of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein individual layers of magnetic nanoparticles in the plurality of layers of magnetic nanoparticles are each directly anchored on a surface of a layer of the plurality of layers of the two-dimensional, layered material via the nucleation sites, and are each separated by multiple layers of the plurality of layers of the two-dimensional, layered material. Methods of making and using the OHM porous materials are also provided.

Waste solidification compositions and methods of using them repurpose calcium-containing industrial by-products. The compositions comprise either 1) a) auto shred residue; and b) a particulate wood-based product, or 2) a) a solid, particulate calcium-containing compound; and b) a superabsorbent material. The method of repurposing a solid, particulate calcium-containing industrial by-product comprises a) blending the by-product with a superabsorbent material to form a waste solidification composition; b) adding the waste solidification composition to a liquid industrial waste stream; and c) allowing the waste solidification composition to absorb at least 1 times its weight of the liquid industrial waste stream to form a solid waste product. The solid waste product passes Paint Filter Liquids Test Method 9095B.

Waste solidification compositions and methods of using them repurpose calcium-containing industrial by-products. The compositions comprise either 1) a) auto shred residue; and b) a particulate wood-based product, or 2) a) a solid, particulate calcium-containing compound; and b) a superabsorbent material. The method of repurposing a solid, particulate calcium-containing industrial by-product comprises a) blending the by-product with a superabsorbent material to form a waste solidification composition; b) adding the waste solidification composition to a liquid industrial waste stream; and c) allowing the waste solidification composition to absorb at least 1 times its weight of the liquid industrial waste stream to form a solid waste product. The solid waste product passes Paint Filter Liquids Test Method 9095B.

The present disclosure provides a fast and high-capacity intelligent cellulose-based oil-absorbing material and a preparation method and use thereof. The material includes an intelligent response layer and an adsorption layer. The intelligent response layer is a pH-responsive nanofiber layer with an adjustable pH response performance and is obtained by grafting hyperbranched polycarboxylic acid-modified polyethyleneimine on to carboxylated cellulose nanofibers. The hyperbranched polycarboxylic acid is prepared by melting and polycondensing at a high temperature, using trimethylolpropane as a core, citric acid as a reactive monomer, and p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The adsorption layer is prepared by coating ferroferric oxide with the carboxylated cellulose nanofibers to prepare magnetic carboxylated cellulose nanofibers, and then modifying the magnetic carboxylated cellulose nanofibers with hexadecylamine.