A material may be included in a cooling film or cooling panel to achieve cooling even under direct solar irradiation. The material includes one or more constituent materials and an outer surface configured to interact thermally with the atmosphere and with solar radiation. The material exhibits an emissivity of at least 0.8 in spectral range of 5 m to 15 um, an ultraviolet reflectivity of at least 0.5 in the spectral range of 275 nm to 375 nm, an ultraviolet absorptivity of at least 0.75 in the spectral range of 275 nm to 375 nm, or a combination thereof. A cooling film, or cooling panel, may be affixed to an exterior surface of a vehicle, structure, or system to provide cooling even under direct solar irradiance.

A solar thermal fuel can include a plurality of photoswitchable moieties associated with a nanomaterial. The plurality of photoswitchable moieties can be densely arranged on the nanomaterial, such that adjacent photoswitchable moieties interact with one another. The solar thermal fuel can provide high volumetric energy density.

A solar thermal fuel can include a plurality of photoswitchable moieties associated with a nanomaterial. The plurality of photoswitchable moieties can be densely arranged on the nanomaterial, such that adjacent photoswitchable moieties interact with one another. The solar thermal fuel can provide high volumetric energy density.

In an aspect, the present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil comprising a poly(meth)acrylate as a base oil, wherein the poly(meth)acrylate comprises a hydrogenated poly(meth)acrylate, a content of a unit having a carbon-carbon double bond present at a terminal in the poly(meth)acrylate is 6% by mole or less relative to total units constituting the poly(meth)acrylate, and a kinematic viscosity at 40 C. of the hydrogenated poly(meth)acrylate is 1 to 1000 mm2/s, the refrigerating machine oil being used with a refrigerant comprising a refrigerant selected from difluoromethane, a mixture of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane, a mixture of difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, a mixture of pentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, an unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrocarbon, and carbon dioxide.

In an aspect, the present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil comprising a poly(meth)acrylate as a base oil, wherein the poly(meth)acrylate comprises a hydrogenated poly(meth)acrylate, a content of a unit having a carbon-carbon double bond present at a terminal in the poly(meth)acrylate is 6% by mole or less relative to total units constituting the poly(meth)acrylate, and a kinematic viscosity at 40 C. of the hydrogenated poly(meth)acrylate is 1 to 1000 mm2/s, the refrigerating machine oil being used with a refrigerant comprising a refrigerant selected from difluoromethane, a mixture of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane, a mixture of difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, a mixture of pentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, an unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrocarbon, and carbon dioxide.

Disclosed herein is a composite comprising a graphene oxide and a nanodiamond that is chemically bonded on a surface of the graphene oxide.

A curable thermally conductive grease 1a contains a curable liquid polymer, a thermally conductive filler (A) having an average particle diameter of less than 10 m, and a thermally conductive filler (B) having an average particle diameter of 10 m or more, the ratio by volume of the thermally conductive filler (A) to the thermally conductive filler (B), i.e., (A)/(B), being 0.65 to 3.02, and the curable thermally conductive grease having a viscosity of 700 Pa.Math.s to 2070 Pa.Math.s, in which after the curable thermally conductive grease is applied to the heat-generating body or the heat-dissipating body to a thickness of 5 mm, the curable thermally conductive grease has slump resistance in which the curable thermally conductive grease does not flow down when the heat-generating body or the heat-dissipating body is vertically arranged.

A curable thermally conductive grease 1a contains a curable liquid polymer, a thermally conductive filler (A) having an average particle diameter of less than 10 m, and a thermally conductive filler (B) having an average particle diameter of 10 m or more, the ratio by volume of the thermally conductive filler (A) to the thermally conductive filler (B), i.e., (A)/(B), being 0.65 to 3.02, and the curable thermally conductive grease having a viscosity of 700 Pa.Math.s to 2070 Pa.Math.s, in which after the curable thermally conductive grease is applied to the heat-generating body or the heat-dissipating body to a thickness of 5 mm, the curable thermally conductive grease has slump resistance in which the curable thermally conductive grease does not flow down when the heat-generating body or the heat-dissipating body is vertically arranged.

A composition including the compound HFO-1234yf and at least one other, additional, compound selected from HCFC-240db, HCFO-1233xf, HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233zd, HCC-40, HCFC-114a, HCFC-115, HCFC-122, HCFC-23, HCFC-124, HCFC-124a, HFC-125, HCFC-133a, HCFC-142, HCFC-143, HFC-52a, HCFC-243ab, HCFC-244eb, HFC-281ea, HCO-1110, HCFO-1111, HCFO-1113, HCFO-1223xd, and HCFO-1224xe. A composition including the compound HFO-1234yf and at least two compounds selected from HFO-1234ze, HFC-245cb, HFC-134a, HCFC-115, HFC-152a, HCC-40 and HFO-1243zf.

A composition including the compound HFO-1234yf and at least one other, additional, compound selected from HCFC-240db, HCFO-1233xf, HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233zd, HCC-40, HCFC-114a, HCFC-115, HCFC-122, HCFC-23, HCFC-124, HCFC-124a, HFC-125, HCFC-133a, HCFC-142, HCFC-143, HFC-52a, HCFC-243ab, HCFC-244eb, HFC-281ea, HCO-1110, HCFO-1111, HCFO-1113, HCFO-1223xd, and HCFO-1224xe. A composition including the compound HFO-1234yf and at least two compounds selected from HFO-1234ze, HFC-245cb, HFC-134a, HCFC-115, HFC-152a, HCC-40 and HFO-1243zf.