A coolant composition includes: a viscosity improving agent; at least one alkali metal compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and alkali metal hydroxides; and a base composed of water and/or at least one alcohol selected from the group consisting of a monohydric alcohol, a dihydric alcohol, a trihydric alcohol, and a glycol monoalkyl ether, wherein the viscosity improving agent is a compound represented by a formula of R.sup.1O—(R.sup.2O).sub.m—SO.sub.3M, where R.sup.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 16 to 24 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group, m represents an average addition molar number of R.sup.2O and a number from 0.5 to 10, and M represents a cation or a hydrogen atom, and a kinetic viscosity of the coolant composition is 8.5 mm.sup.2/sec or higher at 25° C. and is 2.0 mm.sup.2/sec or lower at 100° C.

A coolant composition includes: a viscosity improving agent; at least one alkali metal compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and alkali metal hydroxides; and a base composed of water and/or at least one alcohol selected from the group consisting of a monohydric alcohol, a dihydric alcohol, a trihydric alcohol, and a glycol monoalkyl ether, wherein the viscosity improving agent is a compound represented by a formula of R.sup.1O—(R.sup.2O).sub.m—SO.sub.3M, where R.sup.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 16 to 24 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group, m represents an average addition molar number of R.sup.2O and a number from 0.5 to 10, and M represents a cation or a hydrogen atom, and a kinetic viscosity of the coolant composition is 8.5 mm.sup.2/sec or higher at 25° C. and is 2.0 mm.sup.2/sec or lower at 100° C.

Antifreezes, which include glycerol or a mixture of alkylene glycol and glycerol, water and an organic acid salt, are provided. Exemplary antifreezes include at least about 45 vol. % water, greater than 48 to about 55 vol. % glycerol, 0.1 to 1.75 wt. % of a salt of an organic acid having one or more carboxylic acid groups, and optionally, one or more buffers. Wet sprinkler systems containing the antifreeze, methods of controlling a fire using the antifreeze and methods of preventing a wet sprinkler system from freezing are also provided.

Antifreezes, which include glycerol or a mixture of alkylene glycol and glycerol, water and an organic acid salt, are provided. Exemplary antifreezes include at least about 45 vol. % water, greater than 48 to about 55 vol. % glycerol, 0.1 to 1.75 wt. % of a salt of an organic acid having one or more carboxylic acid groups, and optionally, one or more buffers. Wet sprinkler systems containing the antifreeze, methods of controlling a fire using the antifreeze and methods of preventing a wet sprinkler system from freezing are also provided.

An apparatus and method for the addition of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme inhibitors to existing engine cooling systems to reduce or eliminate the coolant toxicity without the need to completely drain and replace the entire engine coolant. In addition, the present invention provides an apparatus and method for treatment of otherwise toxic coolants removed from engine cooling systems that are targeted for disposal and release into the environment and thereby reduce or eliminate the condition of creating relatively large amounts of toxic waste during routine maintenance and repairs.

An apparatus and method for the addition of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme inhibitors to existing engine cooling systems to reduce or eliminate the coolant toxicity without the need to completely drain and replace the entire engine coolant. In addition, the present invention provides an apparatus and method for treatment of otherwise toxic coolants removed from engine cooling systems that are targeted for disposal and release into the environment and thereby reduce or eliminate the condition of creating relatively large amounts of toxic waste during routine maintenance and repairs.

A heat transfer fluid for electrical applications includes water soluble glycol 5 wt. % to 98 wt. %, demineralized water 0 wt. % to 95 wt. %, and a total dissolved solid inorganic additive content in the heat transfer fluid of 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. %. The electrical conductivity of the heat transfer fluid is 100 μS/cm to 5000 μS/cm.

A heat transfer fluid for electrical applications includes water soluble glycol 5 wt. % to 98 wt. %, demineralized water 0 wt. % to 95 wt. %, and a total dissolved solid inorganic additive content in the heat transfer fluid of 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. %. The electrical conductivity of the heat transfer fluid is 100 μS/cm to 5000 μS/cm.

The freezing point of a liquid in a chilled liquid containment system is decreased by the addition of a mixture of sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate. Solutions of nitrite/nitrate in a ratio of 1.0:1 to 3.0:1 at a concentration of at least 25% lowers the freezing point of water to as low as −33° C. or lower, permitting water to remain liquid well below its ambient freezing point and preventing pipes containing the nitrite/nitrate solution from bursting when exposed to subzero temperatures. This allows liquids to remain liquid at much lower temperatures than normal, allowing the circulation of the liquids at lower temperatures and protecting their containment systems from the damage that could occur when the liquids freeze into their solid state while within the containment systems.

The freezing point of a liquid in a chilled liquid containment system is decreased by the addition of a mixture of sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate. Solutions of nitrite/nitrate in a ratio of 1.0:1 to 3.0:1 at a concentration of at least 25% lowers the freezing point of water to as low as −33° C. or lower, permitting water to remain liquid well below its ambient freezing point and preventing pipes containing the nitrite/nitrate solution from bursting when exposed to subzero temperatures. This allows liquids to remain liquid at much lower temperatures than normal, allowing the circulation of the liquids at lower temperatures and protecting their containment systems from the damage that could occur when the liquids freeze into their solid state while within the containment systems.