A method for the corrosion inhibition, and optionally rehabilitation, of metal reinforcements present in a hardened concrete construction having one or more surfaces that are exposed to chloride intrusion, wherein the method comprises the step of applying an aqueous alkali metal nitrate solution, an aqueous alkaline earth metal nitrate solution, an aqueous zinc nitrate solution, an aqueous aluminium nitrate solution, an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution or a mixture thereof on one or more of the surfaces. The present disclosure also relates to the use of an aqueous alkali metal nitrate solution, an aqueous alkaline earth metal nitrate solution, an aqueous zinc nitrate solution, an aqueous aluminium nitrate solution, an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution or a mixture thereof as a corrosion inhibitor by applying it on one or more surfaces of hardened concrete construction comprising metal reinforcements that are exposed to chloride intrusion. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a corrosion inhibiting composition for inhibition of corrosion of metal reinforcements present in a hardened concrete construction having one or more surfaces that are exposed to chloride intrusion.

A method for the corrosion inhibition, and optionally rehabilitation, of metal reinforcements present in a hardened concrete construction having one or more surfaces that are exposed to chloride intrusion, wherein the method comprises the step of applying an aqueous alkali metal nitrate solution, an aqueous alkaline earth metal nitrate solution, an aqueous zinc nitrate solution, an aqueous aluminium nitrate solution, an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution or a mixture thereof on one or more of the surfaces. The present disclosure also relates to the use of an aqueous alkali metal nitrate solution, an aqueous alkaline earth metal nitrate solution, an aqueous zinc nitrate solution, an aqueous aluminium nitrate solution, an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution or a mixture thereof as a corrosion inhibitor by applying it on one or more surfaces of hardened concrete construction comprising metal reinforcements that are exposed to chloride intrusion. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a corrosion inhibiting composition for inhibition of corrosion of metal reinforcements present in a hardened concrete construction having one or more surfaces that are exposed to chloride intrusion.

A method for forming and bonding a corrosion resistant perovskite layer on a surface of a steel component, for example, a stainless steel crucible is disclosed. The method comprises preparing an inhibitor mixture comprising about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of a rare-earth oxide and about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of an oxidizer; preparing a molten chloride salt mixture comprising a predetermined concentration of one of a binary eutectic mixture and a ternary eutectic mixture, mixing the inhibitor mixture to the molten chloride salt mixture to produce an inhibitor salt mixture; applying the inhibitor salt mixture to the surface of the steel component to be bonded with the perovskite layer; and heat treating the steel component with said applied inhibitor salt mixture to a predetermined temperature to form and bond the perovskite layer on said surface of said steel component.

A method for forming and bonding a corrosion resistant perovskite layer on a surface of a steel component, for example, a stainless steel crucible is disclosed. The method comprises preparing an inhibitor mixture comprising about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of a rare-earth oxide and about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of an oxidizer; preparing a molten chloride salt mixture comprising a predetermined concentration of one of a binary eutectic mixture and a ternary eutectic mixture, mixing the inhibitor mixture to the molten chloride salt mixture to produce an inhibitor salt mixture; applying the inhibitor salt mixture to the surface of the steel component to be bonded with the perovskite layer; and heat treating the steel component with said applied inhibitor salt mixture to a predetermined temperature to form and bond the perovskite layer on said surface of said steel component.

Disclosed is an antioxidant for an electrolyte membrane of fuel cells. The antioxidant may include a support including silicon dioxide and having a nanotube shape, and a metal oxide supported on the support.

Disclosed is an antioxidant for an electrolyte membrane of fuel cells. The antioxidant may include a support including silicon dioxide and having a nanotube shape, and a metal oxide supported on the support.

An additive for electrochemical energy storages is disclosed, wherein the additive contains at least one silicon- and alkaline earth metal-containing compound V1 which in contact with a fluorine-containing compound V2 in the energy storage forms at least one compound V3 selected from the group consisting of silicon- and fluorine-containing, lithium-free compounds V3a, alkaline earth metal- and fluorine-containing, lithium-free compounds V3b, silicon-, alkaline earth metal- and fluorine-containing, lithium-free compounds V3c and combinations thereof. Also disclosed is an electrochemical energy storage containing the additive.

An additive for electrochemical energy storages is disclosed, wherein the additive contains at least one silicon- and alkaline earth metal-containing compound V1 which in contact with a fluorine-containing compound V2 in the energy storage forms at least one compound V3 selected from the group consisting of silicon- and fluorine-containing, lithium-free compounds V3a, alkaline earth metal- and fluorine-containing, lithium-free compounds V3b, silicon-, alkaline earth metal- and fluorine-containing, lithium-free compounds V3c and combinations thereof. Also disclosed is an electrochemical energy storage containing the additive.

A method for forming a protective antioxidative barrier on the furnace electrodes using a chemically altered cooling liquid containing an antioxidant additive. This method can be applied to electrodes used in electric arc furnaces and ladle metallurgy furnaces. The method can involve spraying the cooling liquid onto the electrode, thereby forming the protective antioxidative barrier and reducing the oxidation of the electrode.

A method for forming a protective antioxidative barrier on the furnace electrodes using a chemically altered cooling liquid containing an antioxidant additive. This method can be applied to electrodes used in electric arc furnaces and ladle metallurgy furnaces. The method can involve spraying the cooling liquid onto the electrode, thereby forming the protective antioxidative barrier and reducing the oxidation of the electrode.