Methods of increasing soil water content are described. The methods may include applying a soil enhancement agent to the soil, where the soil enhancement agent includes one or both of (i) lactobionic acid and (ii) at least one salt of lactobionic acid. Treated soils with increased soil water content are also described. The treated soils may include a soil enhancement agent absorbed into the soil. The soil enhancement agent may include at least one salt of a lactobionic acid. Cations from the at least one salt of a lactobionic acid may aggregate at least a portion of the particles in the soil.

A system for inoculating soil with microalgae is provided. The system is portable and can be used with many different water sources to culture microalgae and form an inoculate that is added to irrigation water used for watering crops. The system provides improved crop production metrics as compared to crops grown without the microalgae-based inoculation system. The system can be integrated into existing irrigation systems to add macronutrients and micronutrients into the water, thereby providing highly bioavailable nutrients to crops.

Disclosed herein is a soil remediation and soil pore stabilising composition comprising at least one electrolyte and at least one cofactor.

Disclosed herein is a soil remediation and soil pore stabilising composition comprising at least one electrolyte and at least one cofactor.

Disclosed are methods of improving germination rates of plants/crops, as well as preventing or arresting water evaporation loss from targeted soil areas, which allows for improved water usage efficiency by crops, plants, grasses, vegetation, etc.

Disclosed are methods of improving germination rates of plants/crops, as well as preventing or arresting water evaporation loss from targeted soil areas, which allows for improved water usage efficiency by crops, plants, grasses, vegetation, etc.

Disclosed herein is a soil remediation and soil pore stabilising composition comprising at least one electrolyte and at least one cofactor.

Disclosed herein is a soil remediation and soil pore stabilising composition comprising at least one electrolyte and at least one cofactor.

Disclosed are a carbon-based microorganism electronic diverter material and a preparation method and use thereof. The preparation method may include the following steps of (1) bringing a porous carbon material and dopamine to reaction to obtain a dopamine modified porous carbon material; and (2) bringing the dopamine modified porous carbon material and resazurin to reaction to obtain the carbon-based microorganism electronic diverter material. The carbon-based microorganism electronic diverter material prepared by the disclosure has a capability of storing charges, and is capable of intercepting electrons in a microorganism-driven reduction process of dissimilatory arsenic and iron, and remarkably reducing arsenic reduction and release in a rice field flooding process.

Disclosed are a carbon-based microorganism electronic diverter material and a preparation method and use thereof. The preparation method may include the following steps of (1) bringing a porous carbon material and dopamine to reaction to obtain a dopamine modified porous carbon material; and (2) bringing the dopamine modified porous carbon material and resazurin to reaction to obtain the carbon-based microorganism electronic diverter material. The carbon-based microorganism electronic diverter material prepared by the disclosure has a capability of storing charges, and is capable of intercepting electrons in a microorganism-driven reduction process of dissimilatory arsenic and iron, and remarkably reducing arsenic reduction and release in a rice field flooding process.