The present invention relates to a method of improving fire retardant properties of a substrate, the method comprising providing the substrate with a graphene-based composite, wherein the graphene-based composite comprises graphene-based material intercalated with inorganic metal hydrate.

The production of solvents for applications such as heat transfer, cleaning, and degreasing, for example. In particular, the production of solvents derived from 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-propene, such as chloro and/or fluoro substituted alkanes and chloro and/or fluoro substituted trifluoropropenyl ethers.

The production of solvents for applications such as heat transfer, cleaning, and degreasing, for example. In particular, the production of solvents derived from 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-propene, such as chloro and/or fluoro substituted alkanes and chloro and/or fluoro substituted trifluoropropenyl ethers.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a flame-retardant composite composed of a polymer, an intumescent flame retardant (IFR), and a metal-organic framework (MOF). In some embodiments, the MOF is a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF). In some embodiments, the MOF is a bimetallic MOF. In some embodiments, the bimetallic MOF is a bimetal ZIF. In an additional embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a flame-retardant composite composed of a polymer that can include, without limitation, polypropylene, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, poly(methyl methacrylate), a polyolefin, and combinations thereof, an IFR, and a ZIF.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a flame-retardant composite composed of a polymer, an intumescent flame retardant (IFR), and a metal-organic framework (MOF). In some embodiments, the MOF is a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF). In some embodiments, the MOF is a bimetallic MOF. In some embodiments, the bimetallic MOF is a bimetal ZIF. In an additional embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a flame-retardant composite composed of a polymer that can include, without limitation, polypropylene, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, poly(methyl methacrylate), a polyolefin, and combinations thereof, an IFR, and a ZIF.

An intumescent composition which comprises a polymer selected from a silane-terminated polyurethane or a silane-terminated polyether, a plasticizer that is compatible with the polymer and an intumescent ingredient. Processes of forming a cured intumescent substance, and methods of fire protecting a building are also provided.

An intumescent composition which comprises a polymer selected from a silane-terminated polyurethane or a silane-terminated polyether, a plasticizer that is compatible with the polymer and an intumescent ingredient. Processes of forming a cured intumescent substance, and methods of fire protecting a building are also provided.

A flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, a process for forming a levulinic acid-based flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains a flame retardant levulinic acid-based polymer are disclosed. The flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound has variable moieties, which include phenyl-substituted and/or R functionalized flame retardant groups. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes forming a phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule, forming a levulinic acid derivative, chemically reacting the phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule and the levulinic acid derivative to form a flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, and incorporating the levulinic acid-based flame retardant compound into a polymer to form the flame retardant polymer.

A flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, a process for forming a levulinic acid-based flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains a flame retardant levulinic acid-based polymer are disclosed. The flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound has variable moieties, which include phenyl-substituted and/or R functionalized flame retardant groups. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes forming a phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule, forming a levulinic acid derivative, chemically reacting the phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule and the levulinic acid derivative to form a flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, and incorporating the levulinic acid-based flame retardant compound into a polymer to form the flame retardant polymer.

An electronic device includes an element, a first member, and a second member. An electric current flows in the element. The element is mounted in the first member or the first member is arranged to face the element. In addition, the first member is made of a first resin. The second member is provided adjacent to the first member. In addition, the second member is made of a second resin. In addition, one of the first resin and the second resin has lower non-flammability than the other.