A flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, a process for forming a levulinic acid-based flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains a flame retardant levulinic acid-based polymer are disclosed. The flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound has variable moieties, which include phenyl-substituted and/or R functionalized flame retardant groups. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes forming a phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule, forming a levulinic acid derivative, chemically reacting the phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule and the levulinic acid derivative to form a flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, and incorporating the levulinic acid-based flame retardant compound into a polymer to form the flame retardant polymer.

A flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, a process for forming a levulinic acid-based flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains a flame retardant levulinic acid-based polymer are disclosed. The flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound has variable moieties, which include phenyl-substituted and/or R functionalized flame retardant groups. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes forming a phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule, forming a levulinic acid derivative, chemically reacting the phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule and the levulinic acid derivative to form a flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, and incorporating the levulinic acid-based flame retardant compound into a polymer to form the flame retardant polymer.

A fire-resistant optical fibre cable includes a core having a central strength member and buffer tubes arranged around the central strength member. Each buffer tube contains optical fibres. A mica layer is arranged around the core. A glass yarn layer surrounds and is in direct contact with the mica layer. Metal armour surrounds the glass yarn layer. A multi-layered sheath surrounds and is in direct contact with the armour. The sheath includes a first layer, a second layer surrounding and in contact with the first layer, and a third layer in a radial inner position with respect to the first layer and in direct contact thereto. The first, second and third layers are made of LS0H flame-retardant material. The LS0H material of the first layer has an LOI higher than the LOI of the LS0H material of the second and third layers. The second layer is the cable outermost layer.

A flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, a process for forming a levulinic acid-based flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains a flame retardant levulinic acid-based polymer are disclosed. The flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound has variable moieties, which include phenyl-substituted and/or R functionalized flame retardant groups. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes forming a phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule, forming a levulinic acid derivative, chemically reacting the phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule and the levulinic acid derivative to form a flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, and incorporating the levulinic acid-based flame retardant compound into a polymer to form the flame retardant polymer.

A flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, a process for forming a levulinic acid-based flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains a flame retardant levulinic acid-based polymer are disclosed. The flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound has variable moieties, which include phenyl-substituted and/or R functionalized flame retardant groups. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes forming a phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule, forming a levulinic acid derivative, chemically reacting the phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule and the levulinic acid derivative to form a flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, and incorporating the levulinic acid-based flame retardant compound into a polymer to form the flame retardant polymer.

Embodiments are directed to adamantane-intercalated layered double-hydroxide (LDH) particles and the methods of producing adamantane-intercalated LDH particles. The adamantane-intercalated LDH particles have a general formula defined by [M.sub.1-xAl.sub.x(OH).sub.2](A).sub.x.mH.sub.2O, where x is from 0.14 to 0.33, m is from 0.33 to 0.50, M is chosen from Mg, Ca, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn, and A is adamantane carboxylate. The adamantane-intercalated LDH particles further have an aspect ratio greater than 100. The aspect ratio is defined by the width of an adamantane-intercalated LDH particle divided by the thickness of the adamantane-intercalated LDH particle.

Embodiments are directed to adamantane-intercalated layered double-hydroxide (LDH) particles and the methods of producing adamantane-intercalated LDH particles. The adamantane-intercalated LDH particles have a general formula defined by [M.sub.1-xAl.sub.x(OH).sub.2](A).sub.x.mH.sub.2O, where x is from 0.14 to 0.33, m is from 0.33 to 0.50, M is chosen from Mg, Ca, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn, and A is adamantane carboxylate. The adamantane-intercalated LDH particles further have an aspect ratio greater than 100. The aspect ratio is defined by the width of an adamantane-intercalated LDH particle divided by the thickness of the adamantane-intercalated LDH particle.

Fire-resistant laminate 20 comprises base material 21 and fire-resistant resin layer 22 disposed on at least one side of the base material 21. The fire-resistant resin layer 22 formed of a fire-resistant resin composition, the composition comprising a resin and at least one fire-resistant additive selected from the group consisting of an endothermic agent, a flame retardant, and a thermally expandable layered inorganic matter, and the softening point or melting point of the base material 21 being 300 C. or higher.

Fire-resistant laminate 20 comprises base material 21 and fire-resistant resin layer 22 disposed on at least one side of the base material 21. The fire-resistant resin layer 22 formed of a fire-resistant resin composition, the composition comprising a resin and at least one fire-resistant additive selected from the group consisting of an endothermic agent, a flame retardant, and a thermally expandable layered inorganic matter, and the softening point or melting point of the base material 21 being 300 C. or higher.

The present disclosure relates to the field of delivery systems. Described herein is a powdered composition comprising including granules having a hydrophobic active ingredient dispersed in a polymeric matrix, wherein the powdered composition contains a fireproofing agent. The fireproofing agent defined in the present disclosures includes talc that, when present in the powdered composition, prevents a dust explosion risk when the powdered composition is manufactured, handled or dosed into a consumer product.