The present disclosure generally relates to compositions, methods, sorters, systems, devices and uses for screening for bioactive substances in emulsion droplets. In some embodiments, the compositions are a continuous phase formulation for stable emulsions, In some embodiments, the methods are for preparing a monodisperse polyethylene glycol acrylamide (PEGA) co-polymer resin, or for preparing a core-shell bead. In some embodiments, the systems and devices include a sorter, comprising an inlet channel, first and second outlet channels meeting the inlet channel at a junction, and first and second electrodes proximate respective first and second sides of the junction sorter. In some embodiments, the systems and devices include a sorter, comprising a microwell array plate configured to host one microdroplet per microwell, a fluorescence microscope, an imager configured to automatically image assay droplets and identify desired droplets, and an automated microcapillary-based droplet sampling device configured to continuously deposit desired droplets to hit wells.

The present invention discloses a two-dimensional nanomaterial dispersant, a preparation method of a two-dimensional nanomaterial by liquid phase exfoliation, and use thereof. The present invention utilizes a readily synthesizable and inexpensive oligoaniline, oligoaniline derivative, polyaniline conducting polymer or the like as a dispersant of a two-dimensional nanomaterial, such as a boron nitride nanosheet or a molybdenum disulfide nanosheet, simply mixes the dispersant with boron nitride or molybdenum disulfide in a dispersion medium, such as water, an organic solvent, or a polymer resin, and can significantly improve dispersity and dispersion stability of the two-dimensional nanomaterial in the dispersion medium by a physical interaction therebetween; and can also obtain the two-dimensional nanomaterial in the dispersant by a simple liquid phase exfoliation method, which is an environment friendly and efficient process with simple operations without impairing the physical structure and chemical properties of the two-dimensional nanomaterial, and facilitates large-scale implementation.

A well fluid has a particle stabilized emulsion that has a first phase containing hydrocarbon fluid, a second phase containing brine, such as an aqueous alkali metal brine, and solid particles, wherein at least a portion of the solid particles are arranged at an interface between the first phase and the second phase to stabilize the emulsion. The well fluids can be used for drilling, completion, and/or workover fluids. A method of preparing the well fluid, which can be done in the absence of a surfactant, is also described.

A polymer is disclosed, which includes a structure of Formula 1 or Formula 2. ##STR00001##
R.sup.1 is a C.sub.2-18 alkylene group or a C.sub.6-18 arylene group, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-18 alkyl group, and R.sup.3 is a functional group of Formula 3. ##STR00002##
Each of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, X.sup.5, and X.sup.6, being the same or different, is H or methyl. Each of p, q, and r, being the same or different, is an integer of 1 to 60. R.sup.4 is C.sub.2H.sub.4, C.sub.3H.sub.6, ##STR00003##
Each of m and n, being the same or different, is an integer of 0 to 50, and m+n0.

The present invention provides a nano-silica dispersion having amphiphilic properties and a double-particle structure and its production method. The production method comprises: producing a lipophilically modified nano-silica alcosol which is denoted as a first reaction solution by adding a silane coupling agent containing a lipophilic group to a nano-silica alcosol as a raw material; producing a hydrophilically modified nano-silica alcosol which is denoted as a second reaction solution by adding a silane coupling agent containing a hydrophilic group into a nano-silica alcosol as a raw material; producing the nano-silica dispersion having amphiphilic properties and a double-particle structure by adding 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to the first reaction solution, stirring, then mixing the resultant with the second reaction solution. The present invention further provides a nano-silica dispersion having amphiphilic properties and a double-particle structure produced by the above production method. It has both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, and has the double-particle structure, with a particle size of less than 100 nm. The production process is simple and low in cost.

Disclosed are methods for making emulsions and emulsions, that in some embodiments can be considered to be Pickering emulsions.

An oil-in-water emulsion comprising an aqueous phase, an oil phase, and an adsorption layer at the interface of the two phases, said adsorption layer consisting of a lignin matrix into which metal oxide nanoparticles are incorporated, characterised in that the lignin is present in a quantity of less than 2 wt. %, in particular in a quantity of between 0.5 wt. % and 2 wt. %, and in that the metal oxide nanoparticles are present in a quantity less than or equal to 1.5 wt. %, in particular in a quantity of between 0.5 wt. % and 1.5 wt. %, relative to the total weight of the emulsion.

The use of lignin in an oil-in-water emulsion, the oil phase representing at least 50 wt. % of the emulsion, in order to delay the evaporation of the oil phase and/or increase the mechanical strength of the adsorption layer formed by the lignin.

The present invention relates to a particulate carbon material that can be produced from renewable raw materials, in particular from biomass containing lignin, comprising: a .sup.14C content that corresponds to that of the renewable raw materials, said content being preferably greater than 0.20 Bq/g carbon, especially preferably greater than 0.23 Bq/g carbon, but preferably less than 0.45 Bq/g carbon in each case; a carbon content in relation to the ash-free dry substance of between 60 ma. % and 80 ma. %; an STSA surface area of the primary particles of at least 5 m.sup.2/g and at most 200 m.sup.2/g; and an oil absorption value (OAN) of between 50 ml/100 g and 150 ml/100 g. The present invention also relates to a method for producing said carbon material and to the use thereof.

Disclosed are methods for making emulsions and emulsions, that in some embodiments can be considered to be Pickering emulsions.