Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion compositions having freeze-thaw stability are provided which include water, at least one hydrocarbon solvent, at least one nonionic emulsifier, and at least one freeze-thaw stabilizer which either prevents breaking of the emulsion after a freeze-thaw cycle or enables the emulsion to be re-formed following breaking after a freeze-thaw cycle by simple shaking of the emulsion composition. Preferred freeze-thaw stabilizers are polyols (e.g., glycerin), sugars (e.g., sucrose), polar aprotic solvents (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide) and amphoteric compounds (e.g., lauryl dimethyl amine oxide). The freeze-thaw stabilizers are particularly useful in furniture care, shoe care and auto care cleaning and/or polishing products including therein water, hydrocarbon solvent(s), nonionic emulsifier(s) and additives, such as film former(s), surfactant(s), fragrance component(s) and preservative(s).

A non-linear surfactant, and particularly a non-linear surfactant comprising bi-functionalized molecules or particles having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. The non-linear surfactant includes a nanoparticle template of a rigid molecular structure, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a molecule or a particle that is bi-functionalized with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups to obtain an amphiphilic nanoparticle. The template nanoparticle can be used as a surfactant, wetting agent, emulsifier, detergent or other surface active agents or for the preparation of nanoemulsions or dispersions. The non-linear surfactant can provide smaller particle sizes for emulsion suspensions and foams.

The invention provides dispersed inorganic mixed metal oxide pigment compositions in a hydrocarbon media utilizing a dispersant having polyisobutylene succinic anhydride structure reacted with a non-polymeric amino ether/alcohol to disperse a mixed metal oxide pigment in the media. The metal oxide pigment is of the type used to color ceramic or glass articles. A milling process using beads is also described to reduce the mixed metal oxide particle size to the desired range. A method of using the mixed metal oxide dispersion to digitally print an image on a ceramic or glass article using the dispersion jetted through a nozzle and subsequently firing the colored article is also described.

The current invention concerns a method for preparing an emulsion comprising the steps: mixing a first phase and a second phase in a layer multiplier to produce a multilayered fluid structure, and collapsing said multilayered fluid structure, thereby dispersing the second phase in the first phase creating an emulsion. The current invention relates to a method for producing dispersions. The current invention also concerns the emulsions produced by said method. The current method also relates to polymer emulsions, particularly polyisobutene emulsions with a high content of polyisobutene.

The invention provides dispersed inorganic mixed metal oxide pigment compositions in a hydrocarbon media utilizing a dispersant having polyisobutylene succinic anhydride structure reacted with a non-polymeric amino ether/alcohol to disperse a mixed metal oxide pigment in the media. The metal oxide pigment is of the type used to color ceramic or glass articles. A milling process using beads is also described to reduce the mixed metal oxide particle size to the desired range. A method of using the mixed metal oxide dispersion to digitally print an image on a ceramic or glass article using the dispersion jetted through a nozzle and subsequently firing the colored article is also described.

A non-linear surfactant, and particularly a non-linear surfactant comprising bi-functionalized molecules or particles having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. The non-linear surfactant includes a nanoparticle template of a rigid molecular structure, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a molecule or a particle that is bi-functionalized with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups to obtain an amphiphilic nanoparticle. The template nanoparticle can be used as a surfactant, wetting agent, emulsifier, detergent or other surface active agents or for the preparation of nanoemulsions or dispersions. The non-linear surfactant can provide smaller particle sizes for emulsion suspensions and foams.

Disclosed are methods for making emulsions and emulsions, that in some embodiments can be considered to be Pickering emulsions.

The invention relates to an emulsion containing or consisting of (A) 40.00 to 97.98 wt. % of at least one hydrocarbon, (B) 2.00 to 59.98 wt. % of water or an aqueous solution of a salt which does not fall under the following definition according to (C) and (C) 0.02 to 8.00 wt. % of a salt of an amino amide of a fatty acid, containing at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, and an acid component of general formula (I) ##STR00001## in which R.sup.1 is a linear or branched, saturated or mono-unsaturated or poly-unsaturated hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 40 C atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkylene radical or arylalkylene radical with 2 to 20 C atoms and X is a radical which contains at least one acid group, m=0 or 1, n=1 to 30, wherein the weight proportions of components (A), (B) and (C) relate to the sum of the masses of these components and this is 100 wt. %. The invention also relates to a method for the production of the emulsion, to an oil-based drilling mud and to a method for creating and stabilizing a drill hole.

In at least one embodiment, the inventive technology relates to in-vessel generation of a material from a solution of interest as part of a processing and/or analysis operation. Preferred embodiments of the in-vessel material generation (e.g., in-vessel solid material generation) include precipitation; in certain embodiments, analysis and/or processing of the solution of interest may include dissolution of the material, perhaps as part of a successive dissolution protocol using solvents of increasing ability to dissolve. Applications include, but are by no means limited to estimation of a coking onset and solution (e.g., oil) fractionating.

Disclosed are methods for making emulsions and emulsions, that in some embodiments can be considered to be Pickering emulsions.