The inventive technology is directed to droplet compositions having novel endoskeletal and/or exoskeletal shell architectures configured to produce enhanced vaporization characteristics.

The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises a fluoroolefin and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.

A novel branched fluorine-containing compound represented by formula (1):

(RfY.sub.n1LX-A).sub.n2(1)

wherein L represents a predetermined carbon-containing linker moiety; Rf, in each occurrence, is the same or different and represents fluoroalkyl optionally having at least one ether bond; Y, in each occurrence, is the same or different and represents a predetermined divalent linking group or a bond; R.sup.Y, in each occurrence, is the same or different and represents hydrogen or an organic group; L represents an (n1+n2)-valent carbon-containing linker moiety having at least one carbon atom; n1 represents a number greater than or equal to 1; n2 represents a number greater than or equal to 1; n1+n2 is a number from 3 to 6; X, in each occurrence, is the same or different and represents a divalent linking group or a bond; A, in each occurrence, is the same or different and represents ArSO.sub.3M or the like; M, in each occurrence, is the same or different and represents hydrogen, NR.sub.4, or a metal salt; and R represents hydrogen or a C.sub.1-4 organic group.

Disclosed are compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, HCFC-244db and/or HFO-1234yf and at least one additional compound. For the composition comprising 1234yf, the additional compound is selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234ze, HFO-1243zf, HCFC-243db, HCFC-244db, HFC-245cb, HFC-245fa, HCFO-1233xf, HCFO-1233zd, HCFC-253fb, HCFC-234ab, HCFC-243fa, ethylene, HFC-23, CFC-13, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-236fa, is HCO-1130, HCO-1130a, HFO-1336, HCFC-133a, HCFC-254fb, CHF?CHCl, HFO-1141, HCFO-1242zf, HCFO-1223xd, HCFC-233ab, HCFC-226ba, and HFC-227ca. Compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, and/or HCFC-244db are useful in processes to make HFO-1234yf. Compositions comprising HFO-1234yf are useful, among other uses, as heat transfer compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems.

The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods for forming droplets and/or emulsions. In some embodiments, the compositions and methods comprise two or more components miscible at a first temperature and immiscible at a second temperature, dispersed in an outer phase.

The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises a fluoroolefin and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.

A perfluoro surfactant and a preparation method therefor. A carbon fluorine bond is not prone to break when the perfluoro surfactant is used as an emulsifier in a fluorine polymer reaction, such that the average molecular weight of a fluorine polymer generated in the fluorine polymer reaction is significantly increased. The preparation method is implemented in a continuous micro-channel reaction system, where the retention time of a reactant in the reaction system can be greatly shortened to few minutes or even seconds, a back-mixing phenomenon in the reaction system can be basically eliminated, and thus the occurrence of a side reaction, an optical coupling reaction, can be greatly reduced. There are reaction stages comprising an ozonization reaction and a photo-oxidation reaction.

The present disclosure generally relates to compositions, methods, sorters, systems, devices and uses for screening for bioactive substances in emulsion droplets. In some embodiments, the compositions are a continuous phase formulation for stable emulsions, In some embodiments, the methods are for preparing a monodisperse polyethylene glycol acrylamide (PEGA) co-polymer resin, or for preparing a core-shell bead. In some embodiments, the systems and devices include a sorter, comprising an inlet channel, first and second outlet channels meeting the inlet channel at a junction, and first and second electrodes proximate respective first and second sides of the junction sorter. In some embodiments, the systems and devices include a sorter, comprising a microwell array plate configured to host one microdroplet per microwell, a fluorescence microscope, an imager configured to automatically image assay droplets and identify desired droplets, and an automated microcapillary-based droplet sampling device configured to continuously deposit desired droplets to hit wells.

Provided are a fluorine-containing organic chain grafted polyoxometalate cluster and a derivative thereof, and their preparation method. A method for preparing a fluorine-containing organic chain grafted polyoxometalate cluster includes: mixing a fluoroalkyl trimethoxysilane, a lacunary polyoxometalate cluster, an acid solution and an organic solvent to obtain a first mixture; and subjecting the first mixture to substitution reaction to obtain the fluorine-containing organic chain grafted polyoxometalate cluster. Further, a fluorine-containing organic chain grafted polyoxometalate cluster prepared by the above method includes a lacunary polyoxometalate cluster and a fluorine-containing organic chain grafted onto the lacunary polyoxometalate cluster.

The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods for forming droplets and/or emulsions. In some embodiments, the compositions and methods comprise two or more components miscible at a first temperature and immiscible at a second temperature, dispersed in an outer phase.