Provided are azeotrope-like compositions consisting essentially of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and uses thereof, including use in refrigerant compositions, refrigeration systems, blowing agent compositions, and aerosol propellants.

In at least one embodiment, the inventive technology relates to in-vessel generation of a material from a solution of interest as part of a processing and/or analysis operation. Preferred embodiments of the in-vessel material generation (e.g., in-vessel solid material generation) include precipitation; in certain embodiments, analysis and/or processing of the solution of interest may include dissolution of the material, perhaps as part of a successive dissolution protocol using solvents of increasing ability to dissolve. Applications include, but are by no means limited to estimation of a coking onset and solution (e.g., oil) fractionating.

The present invention is directed to a lipid-based ophthalmic emulsion. The emulsion has an increased amount of a mucoadhesive galactomannan polymer that promotes a long-lasting protection against desiccation and moisture retention.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising HFO-1234yf, or trans-HFO-1234ze, or a mixture thereof; HFC-32; and HFC-152a, HFO-1243zf, or a mixture thereof, wherein said composition is selected from the group consisting of: (I) a first composition, wherein said HFO-1234yf or trans-HFO-1234ze or a mixture thereof is at least 56 weight percent of said first composition; (II) a second composition, wherein said HFC-32 is at most 29 weight percent of said second composition; (III) a third composition, wherein said HFC-152a is at least 56 weight percent said third composition; (IV) a fourth composition, wherein said HFC-32 is at least 56 weight percent of said fourth composition; (V) a fifth composition comprising trans-HFO-1234ze, HFC-32, and HFC-152a, HFO-1243zf, or a mixture thereof; and (VI) a sixth composition, wherein said HFO-1243zf or mixture thereof with HFC-152a is at most 20 weight percent of said sixth composition.

A composition for promoting the release of bituminous materials and other adhesive materials from a substrate and methods of use thereof. More particularly, a composition comprising a silicone oil-in-water emulsion, which is stabilized by an alkoxylated polysiloxane surfactant, for use as a release agent that can be applied to a substrate, such as a truck bed, prior to use for promoting the free release of a bituminous material, such as asphalt, from the substrate.

The present invention relates to a method for producing mineral oil from underground mineral oil deposits, in which an aqueous formulation comprising at least a mixture of alkyl ether carboxylate and corresponding alkyl ether alcohol, where the alkyl ether carboxylate has been prepared from the alkyl ether alcohol and the molar ratio in the mixture of alkyl ether carboxylate:alkyl ether alcohol is from 51:49 to 92:8, is injected through at least one injection well into a mineral oil deposit, where the deposit has a deposit temperature of 55 C. to 150 C., a crude oil having more than 20 API and a deposit water having more than 100 ppm of divalent cations, and crude oil is withdrawn through at least one production well from the deposit. The invention further relates to the preparation of the mixture and to a concentrate comprising the mixture.

A solution containing an ionic liquid, a polymer compound including at least one of a hydrolyzable polymer compound and a thermally-decomposable polymer compound, and a laminate of layered substances is irradiated with at least one of sonic waves and radio waves. Alternatively, a solution containing an ionic liquid, a polymer compound including at least one of a hydrolyzable polymer compound and a thermally-decomposable polymer compound, and a laminate of layered substances is heated.

The polymerization stability and the chemical stability and the water resistance of resin films are improved. A surfactant composition according to an embodiment contains a surfactant (A) represented by general formula (1) and an anionic surfactant (B) having a hydrophobic group different from that of the surfactant (A). R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group with 8 to 14 carbon atoms, A represents an alkylene group with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and n representing an average number of moles of an oxyalkylene group added represents 1 to 100. ##STR00001##

The present invention is directed to a lipid-based ophthalmic emulsion. The emulsion has an increased amount of a mucoadhesive galactomannan polymer that promotes a long-lasting protection against desiccation and moisture retention.

Emulsions for treating shingles, concrete, metallic substrates, mammalian skins, human hair or agricultural plants are described. The emulsions include soy alkyl and/or aryl ester; water; and a cationic surfactant to form the emulsion. Methods of using the emulsions are also described. Compositions including a modified oil alkyl and/or aryl ester comprising the transesterification reaction product of an oil and a surfactant having a hydroxyl group are described. Methods of using the compositions are also described. Methods of making a modified oil alkyl or aryl ester are described. The methods include transesterifying an oil with a surfactant having a hydroxyl group.