A method of preparing a solid surfactant composite may include: coating a liquid water-wetting surfactant on a solid carrier; and drying the solid carrier to produce the solid surfactant composite. A method may include: introducing a spacer fluid into a wellbore, the spacer fluid comprising a solid surfactant composite; and displacing a fluid in the wellbore using the spacer fluid.

A stable dispersion of exfoliated layer substances is prepared through interlayer exfoliation of a layered compound. A dispersion including quaternary ammonium ions (A) each having a total carbon atom number of 15 to 45 and one or two C.sub.10-20 alkyl groups, and an anionic surfactant (B) having an ammonium ion, wherein plate-like particles (C) having an average thickness of 0.7 to 40 nm, an average major-axis length of 100 to 600 nm, an average minor-axis length of 50 to 300 nm, and a ratio of average major-axis length to average minor-axis length of 1.0 to 10.0 are dispersed in a liquid medium, and the plate-like particles (C) in the dispersion have an average particle diameter of 10 to 600 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering, and a transparent substrate using the dispersion.

The present invention relates to a surfactant composition capable of making a dimethylsiloxane highly remain the solid surface, which is a surfactant composition containing an anionic surfactant (A), a cationic surfactant (B), and a dimethylpolysiloxane (C), wherein the following molar ratio R.sub.A is 0.10 to 0.90; and the following molar ratio R.sub.b is 0.4 or more: R.sub.A: a molar ratio {(A)/[(A)+(B)]} of the amount of the anionic surfactant (A) to the total amount of the anionic surfactant (A) and the cationic surfactant (B) R.sub.b: a molar ratio {[(a1)+(b1)]/[(A)+(B)]} of the total amount of a branched-type anionic surfactant (a1) and a branched-type cationic surfactant (b1) to the total amount of the anionic surfactant (A) and the cationic surfactant (B).

The present invention relates to a surfactant composition capable of making a liquid oil highly remain on the solid surface, which is a surfactant composition containing an anionic surfactant (A), a cationic surfactant (B), a liquid oil (C), and water, wherein the water constitutes a continuous phase; the following molar ratio R.sub.A is 0.25 or more and 0.60 or less; and the following molar ratio R.sub.b is 0.6 or more: R.sub.A: a molar ratio {(A)/[(A)+(B)]} of the amount of the anionic surfactant (A) to the total amount of the anionic surfactant (A) and the cationic surfactant (B) R.sub.b: a molar ratio {[(a1)+(b1)]/[(A)+(B)]} of the total amount of a branched-type anionic surfactant (a1) and a branched-type cationic surfactant (b1) to the total amount of the anionic surfactant (A) and the cationic surfactant (B).

A two-component polyurethane composition comprising: an aqueous dispersion comprising an emulsion polymer and a specific sulphate and/or sulfonate surfactant, and a water-dispersible polyisocyanate; the emulsion polymer with a weight average molecular weight of 70,000 g/mol or less comprising, by weight based on the weight of the emulsion polymer, greater than 0.25% of structural units of a phosphorous-containing acid monomer and/or salts thereof, greater than 15% of structural units of a hydroxy-functional alkyl (meth)acrylate, structural units of an monoethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer, and from zero to 10% of structural units of an additional acid monomer and/or salts thereof; and a process of preparing the two-component polyurethane composition.

A surfactant composition including at least one alkyl alkoxylate sulfate anionic surfactant; a process for preparing the surfactant composition; and an emulsion polymerization process using the surfactant composition.

A sulfuric acid ester containing a plurality of carbonyl groups or a salt thereof, and a surfactant. The sulfuric acid ester is a compound represented by the following formula:
R.sup.1—C(═O)—R.sup.2—C(═O)—R.sup.3—OSO.sub.3X wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined herein; X is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.4.sub.4, imidazolium optionally containing a substituent, pyridinium optionally containing a substituent, or phosphonium optionally containing a substituent, where R.sup.4s are each H or an organic group and are the same as or different from each other; and any two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 optionally bind to each other to form a ring.

A carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid salt containing a plurality of carbonyl groups, and a surfactant represented by the following formula:

R.sup.1C(O)R.sup.2C(O)R.sup.3-A

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined herein, and A is COOX or SO.sub.3X, wherein X is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.4.sub.4, imidazolium optionally containing a substituent, pyridinium optionally containing a substituent, or phosphonium optionally containing a substituent, where R.sup.4s are each H or an organic group and are the same as or different from each other; and any two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 optionally bind to each other to form a ring.

A carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid salt containing a plurality of carbonyl groups, and a surfactant represented by the following formula:
R.sup.1C(O)R.sup.2C(O)R.sup.3-A
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined herein, and A is COOX or SO.sub.3X, wherein X is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.4.sub.4, imidazolium optionally containing a substituent, pyridinium optionally containing a substituent, or phosphonium optionally containing a substituent, where R.sup.4s are each H or an organic group and are the same as or different from each other; and any two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 optionally bind to each other to form a ring.

The invention relates to the compounds of formula (I),

##STR00001##

in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent a linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein the sum of the carbon atoms of the groups R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is from 2 to 7; A represents a chain of one or a plurality of units of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and mixtures thereof; and n is an integer between 1 and 100 inclusive. The invention also relates to mineral or organic salts thereof; the use of the compounds of formula (I) and/or of one of the salts thereof as a surfactant, a wetting agent, a detergent, an emulsifying agent, a dispersant, a corrosion inhibitor, and the like; and to compositions comprising at least one compound of formula (I) and/or of one of the salts thereof.