The present invention relates to biocompatible microemulsion systems designed for controlled release drug delivery applications formulated with phospholipids such as lecithin (surfactant), a lipophilic additive (linker) containing 9 or more carbons in their alkyl group and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 5 or less, and a surfactant-like hydrophilic additive (linker) containing between 6 to 9 carbon atoms in their alkyl tail. The combination of linkers and phospholipids produce formulations capable of delivering high concentrations of poorly soluble drugs into epithelial tissue using low surfactant concentrations, with minimum cytotoxic side effects.

Emulsions designed for road construction applications. Construction with emulsions and the related process disclosed herein is now possible at ambient temperatures by the unique and unexpected combination of emulsifier(s), surfactant(s) and break control agent(s) to form mixtures of emulsion plus break control agent and aggregates.

An objective of the present invention is to provide an organic-inorganic hybrid acrylic polymer having an increased refractive index, which has a higher transparency and a less impaired scratch resistance; a metal oxide dispersion and a polymerizable composition as materials for the polymer; and the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer capable of being produced in a crack-free manner. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a high-performance antireflection film using the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer. The metal oxide dispersion of the present invention comprises a phosphorus compound represented by Formula (1): ##STR00001##
(wherein, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group; R.sup.2 is an organic residue; and n is 1 or 2) and a metal oxide.

The present disclosure relates to a dispersant containing a specific compound having a fluorene skeleton, and a composition using the same.

The present disclosure relates to a dispersant containing a specific compound having a fluorene skeleton, and a composition using the same.

Asphaltic or bitumen emulsions designed for road construction applications. Construction of full depth pavements with emulsions and the related process disclosed herein is now possible at temperatures below about 160 F. to 180 F. by the unique and unexpected combination of emulsifier(s), surfactant(s) and optional break control agent(s), to form mixtures of emulsion plus break control agent and aggregates. The mixtures of emulsion plus break control agent and aggregates are then spread across the paving area. The spread mixture then breaks, sets and otherwise cures to a complete mass or mat suitable for the intended design application.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides amphiphilic nanosheets that comprise lamellar crystals with at least two regions: a first hydrophilic region and a second hydrophobic region. In some embodiments, the amphiphilic nanosheets of the present invention also comprise a plurality of functional groups that are appended to the lamellar crystals. In some embodiments the functional groups are hydrophobic functional groups that are appended to the second region of the lamellar crystals. In some embodiments, the lamellar crystals comprise -zirconium phosphates. Additional embodiments of the present invention pertain to methods of making the aforementioned amphiphilic nanosheets. Such methods generally comprise appending one or more functional groups to a stack of lamellar crystals; and exfoliating the stack of lamellar crystals for form the amphiphilic nanosheets.

An ionic liquid composition having the following chemical structural formula: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are independently selected from hydrocarbon groups containing at least 1 and up to 20 carbon atoms, and X.sup. is a cyclic anion that possesses a negatively-charged group reactive with a gaseous electrophilic species, particularly carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide. Methods for capturing a gaseous electrophilic species, such as CO.sub.2 or SO.sub.2, by contacting the gaseous electrophilic species with an ionic liquid according to Formula (1) are also described.

A reactive surfactant composition comprising one or more kinds of reactive surfactants is disclosed that may be used as an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, a dispersant for suspension polymerization, a nonaqueous dispersant, or a resin modifier.

A laminate of layered substances each containing two or more kinds of elements as constituent elements is contained in an ionic liquid containing a specific cation, and the ionic liquid containing the laminate is irradiated with one or both of sonic waves and electric waves.