[Problem] An object of the invention is to provide a novel complex that can be used as an emulsifier.

[Solving means] A complex in which an amide alcohol and a carboxyl group-containing polymer exerts an excellent emulsifying power for oil having a wide range of required HLB.

Some embodiments relate to a novel method for obtaining surfactant compositions made from alkyl-L-guluronamides or mixtures of L-guluronamides and D-mannuronamides, the compositions obtained by the method and the uses thereof.

Embodiments are directed to a surfactant of formula (V) and formula (VI). The surfactants have the following structures:

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A polymer comprising at least one unit of the formula (1) wherein T.sup.1 is a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, T.sup.2 is a carbon atom if T.sup.1 is a nitrogen atom, or is a nitrogen atom if T.sup.1 is a carbon atom, r is 1, 2, 3 or 4, s is 1, 2, 3, or 4, M.sup.1 is preferably selected from the group consisting of M.sup.2 is preferably The polymers are prepared by reacting monomers (1a) with monomers (2a) H.sub.2N-[-M.sup.1-]r-NH.sub.2 (1a) OHC-[-M.sup.2-]s-CHO (2a) or the step of reacting monomers (1b) with monomers (2b) OHC-[-M.sup.1-]r-CHO (1b) H.sub.2N-[-M.sup.2-]s-NH.sub.2 (2b).

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The present invention relates to a dispersant derived from an alcohol terminated polymer and via an anhydride intermediate. The anhydride functionalized polyester is then reacted with a multi-amine species forming amide and salt bonds.

The present invention relates to a dispersant derived from an alcohol terminated polymer and via an anhydride intermediate. The anhydride functionalized polyester is then reacted with a multi-amine species forming amide and salt bonds.

Provided is a calcium-based catalyst and a method for catalytically synthesizing an alkanolamide surfactant thereof. The method includes the preparation of the catalyst, and then catalyzing a reaction of fat and oil, or fatty acid ester and alkanolamine with the catalyst to synthesize a light colored alkanolamide surfactant with less free alkanolamine. The catalyst has a slow release feature, so that late in the reaction, the catalyst still has relatively high catalytic reactivity, guaranteeing a high conversion rate of the alkanolamine into the alkanolamide surfactant, the, product residual quantity of alkanolamine is low, while the risk of nitrosamine production due to product residual alkanolamine is greatly lowered. Due to catalyst slow release control, the early reaction period speed is greatly reduced, thereby avoiding a deepened product color caused by poor heat transfer due to an early reaction period being excessively fast.

Provided is a calcium-based catalyst and a method for catalytically synthesizing an alkanolamide surfactant thereof. The method includes the preparation of the catalyst, and then catalyzing a reaction of fat and oil, or fatty acid ester and alkanolamine with the catalyst to synthesize a light colored alkanolamide surfactant with less free alkanolamine. The catalyst has a slow release feature, so that late in the reaction, the catalyst still has relatively high catalytic reactivity, guaranteeing a high conversion rate of the alkanolamine into the alkanolamide surfactant, the, product residual quantity of alkanolamine is low, while the risk of nitrosamine production due to product residual alkanolamine is greatly lowered. Due to catalyst slow release control, the early reaction period speed is greatly reduced, thereby avoiding a deepened product color caused by poor heat transfer due to an early reaction period being excessively fast.

The present disclosure relates to the creation of emulsifiers for use in an oil-based drilling mud. The disclosed emulsifiers may be created by the reaction of synthetic linear saturated fatty acids and polyamines under the conditions specified. The synthesized product may be used as a replacement for the wetting agent in conventional muds. Further improvements in conventional drilling muds are also disclosed where the synthesized product is used to replace incumbent wetting agents and the primary emulsifiers are replaced by synthetic fatty acids.

Described is a class of symmetrical and asymmetrical N-alkyl lactam ethers. One preferred ether is bis-N-ethyl pyrrolidone ether. Preferred compositions and uses of the ethers are in performance chemicals, personal care, and pharmaceutical fields, where they function a variety of roles, including as a solvent, solubilizer, freezing point depressor, diluent, extracting agent, cleaning agent, degreaser, absorbent and/or dispersion agent. ##STR00001##