A subject-matter of the invention are betaines with a special fatty acid chain distribution, for example based on palm kernel oil, the palm kernel oil comprising an enhanced content of unsaturated C.sub.18 fatty acids.

Provided is an aqueous emulsion composition which has excellent chemical stability (stability with respect to impurities) and excellent mechanical stability. Disclosed is an aqueous emulsion composition which contains: (A) a polymer that contains a fluoroalkyl group; and (B) a surfactant that contains (B1) an amidoamine surfactant having an amide group and an amino group, and (B2) a nonionic surfactant. It is preferable that the surfactant does not contain a monool having an unsaturated triple bond or an alkylene oxide addition product of a polyol.

Disclosed are a variety of amphoteric compounds containing a quaternary nitrogen group, a covalently bound counterion, and an ester or amide group. These amphoteric compounds can be advantageously prepared via a chemoenzymatic green process, and exhibit good surfactant properties.

According to an embodiment, an invert emulsion drilling fluid comprises: an external phase, wherein the external phase of the drilling fluid comprises a hydrocarbon liquid; an internal phase, wherein the internal phase of the drilling fluid comprises water; and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant: (A) comprises a hydrophobic tail group having a carbon chain length greater than or equal to 16; (B) has a boiling point greater than or equal to 400 F. (204.4 C.); and (C) is in at least a sufficient concentration such that the surfactant spontaneously forms reverse-micelles. According to another embodiment, a method of using the invert emulsion drilling fluid comprises: introducing the drilling fluid into a well.

According to an embodiment, an invert emulsion drilling fluid comprises: an external phase, wherein the external phase of the drilling fluid comprises a hydrocarbon liquid; an internal phase, wherein the internal phase of the drilling fluid comprises water; and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant: (A) comprises a hydrophobic tail group having a carbon chain length greater than or equal to 16; (B) has a boiling point greater than or equal to 400 F. (204.4 C.); and (C) is in at least a sufficient concentration such that the surfactant spontaneously forms reverse-micelles. According to another embodiment, a method of using the invert emulsion drilling fluid comprises: introducing the drilling fluid into a well.

The disclosure provides compositions and methods for reducing fouling of a surface in contact with a medium during a natural gas processing procedure. Methods may include adding a composition to the medium, wherein the medium includes an inorganic particle, an organic particle, and/or an inorganic-organic particle, and the composition includes a surfactant. The surfactant may encapsulate the particle. The surfactant may include, for example, a phthalate ester, a naphthalate ester, a tall oil fatty acid, a soya oil fatty acid, sunflower oil fatty acid, canola oil fatty acid, coconut oil fatty acid, cyrene, a trigylceride, or any combination thereof.

The disclosure provides compositions and methods for reducing fouling of a surface in contact with a medium during a natural gas processing procedure. Methods may include adding a composition to the medium, wherein the medium includes an inorganic particle, an organic particle, and/or an inorganic-organic particle, and the composition includes a surfactant. The surfactant may encapsulate the particle. The surfactant may include, for example, a phthalate ester, a naphthalate ester, a tall oil fatty acid, a soya oil fatty acid, sunflower oil fatty acid, canola oil fatty acid, coconut oil fatty acid, cyrene, a trigylceride, or any combination thereof.

This invention relates to an additive comprising a functional group derived from a first hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and a functional group derived from a second hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, where the functional groups are coupled by a functional group derived from an alkylene glycol. The invention also relates to an emulsifier component prepared by a process that utilizes the described additive and converts it to an emulsifier component by reacting it with a neutralizing component. The invention also relates to a process of making the described emulsifier component, and a method of customizing an emulsifier component in a composition by using the described additive and the described process for converting it to the described emulsifier component.

Wellbore fluids may include an oleaginous continuous phase; a non-oleaginous discontinuous phase; and a polymeric amidoamine emulsifier stabilizing the non-oleaginous discontinuous phase in the oleaginous continuous phase, wherein the polymeric amidoamine emulsifier has at least 5 repeating units. Wellbore fluids may include an oleaginous continuous phase; a non-oleaginous discontinuous phase; and a polymeric amidoamine emulsifier stabilizing the non-oleaginous discontinuous phase in the oleaginous continuous phase, wherein the polymeric amidoamine emulsifier includes at least 3 repeating units selected from allylamine, polyaminopolyamide, N-alkyl acrylamides, (meth)acrylic acid, alkyleneamine reacted with a dicarboxylic acid, alpha-olefin-alt-maleic anhydride, styrene maleic anhydride, alkylene oxide, wherein one or more amine or acid group on the repeating unit is amidized.

Wellbore fluids may include an oleaginous continuous phase; a non-oleaginous discontinuous phase; and a polymeric amidoamine emulsifier stabilizing the non-oleaginous discontinuous phase in the oleaginous continuous phase, wherein the polymeric amidoamine emulsifier has at least 5 repeating units. Wellbore fluids may include an oleaginous continuous phase; a non-oleaginous discontinuous phase; and a polymeric amidoamine emulsifier stabilizing the non-oleaginous discontinuous phase in the oleaginous continuous phase, wherein the polymeric amidoamine emulsifier includes at least 3 repeating units selected from allylamine, polyaminopolyamide, N-alkyl acrylamides, (meth)acrylic acid, alkyleneamine reacted with a dicarboxylic acid, alpha-olefin-alt-maleic anhydride, styrene maleic anhydride, alkylene oxide, wherein one or more amine or acid group on the repeating unit is amidized.