A dispersion comprising a solid particulate component such as a pigment, a dispersing agent and one or more solvents is disclosed. The dispersing agent comprises a reaction product of (a) an epoxidised carboxylic acid ester; (b) a compound including at least one reactive alcohol and/or amino functional group; and (c) a derivatising agent. Such a dispersion shows excellent long-term stability. A method of producing such a dispersion having long-term stability, and a use of the dispersing agent to provide a dispersion having long-term stability are also described.

Described herein are surfactant compositions for use in oil and gas operations. The surfactant compositions are stable under harsh conditions, including in formations that exhibit high salinity, high temperature, and/or high H2S concentration. Also provided are methods of using these compositions. Specifically an aqueous composition comprising: (i) a surfactant package, wherein the surfactant package comprises: (a) a surfactant comprising a branched, unbranched, saturated, or unsaturated C6-C32:80(0-65):PO(0-65):EO(0-100)-X having a concentration within the aqueous composition of from 0.05%-5% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition, wherein there is at least one BO, PO, or EO group, and wherein X comprises a sulfonate, a disulfonate, a carboxylate, a dicarboxylate, a sulfosuccinate, a disulfosuccinate, or hydrogen: and (b) olefin sulfonate and/or a disulfonate; and (ii) water.

Described herein are surfactant compositions for use in oil and gas operations. The surfactant compositions are stable under harsh conditions, including in formations that exhibit high salinity, high temperature, and/or high H2S concentration. Also provided are methods of using these compositions. Specifically an aqueous composition comprising: (i) a surfactant package, wherein the surfactant package comprises: (a) a surfactant comprising a branched, unbranched, saturated, or unsaturated C6-C32:80(0-65):PO(0-65):EO(0-100)-X having a concentration within the aqueous composition of from 0.05%-5% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition, wherein there is at least one BO, PO, or EO group, and wherein X comprises a sulfonate, a disulfonate, a carboxylate, a dicarboxylate, a sulfosuccinate, a disulfosuccinate, or hydrogen: and (b) olefin sulfonate and/or a disulfonate; and (ii) water.

An emulsion composition, a cosmetic composition, and a method for preparing an emulsion composition, in which the oil components are not limited to vegetable oils, and which do not require xanthan gum or welan gum as an essential component. The emulsion composition contains an oil component, an aqueous dispersion medium, an emulsifier, and CNF. The CNF is an emulsion stabilizer, and obtained by unmodified cellulose defibration, and the emulsifier amount is less than 20 mass % of the total composition. The cosmetic composition contains the emulsion composition. The method includes preparing an oil phase, preparing an aqueous phase, and emulsifying by mixing the oil and aqueous phases. CNF obtained by defibrating unmodified cellulose is added in at least preparing an aqueous phase or emulsifying, and an emulsifier is added in at least preparing an oil phase, preparing an aqueous phase, or emulsifying.

The present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, in which a block character (A) is less than 0.4, and an absorbance (B) at 320 nm in an ultraviolet absorption spectrum in the case of making the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin into a 0.1 wt % aqueous solution is 0.2 or more.

The present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, in which a block character (A) is less than 0.4, and an absorbance (B) at 320 nm in an ultraviolet absorption spectrum in the case of making the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin into a 0.1 wt % aqueous solution is 0.2 or more.

The disclosure relates to the oil and gas production industry, and more particularly to technologies for redistributing filter flows in the bottom-hole formation zone of an injection well. A method involves pumping into the bottom-hole formation zone a blocking agent in the form of an emulsion system containing nanoparticles of silicon dioxide and being comprised of: 5-12 vol % diesel fuel or processed oil from an oil processing and pumping station, 2-3 vol % emulsifier, 0.25-1.0 vol % colloidal nanoparticles of silicon dioxide, with the remainder being an aqueous solution of calcium chloride or potassium chloride. The emulsifier is in the form of a composition comprising: 40-42 vol % esters of higher unsaturated fatty acids and resin acids, 0.7-1 vol % amine-N-oxide, 0.5-1 vol % high-molecular-weight organic thermostabilizer, with the remainder being diesel fuel.

The disclosure relates to the oil and gas production industry, and more particularly to technologies for redistributing filter flows in the bottom-hole formation zone of an injection well. A method involves pumping into the bottom-hole formation zone a blocking agent in the form of an emulsion system containing nanoparticles of silicon dioxide and being comprised of: 5-12 vol % diesel fuel or processed oil from an oil processing and pumping station, 2-3 vol % emulsifier, 0.25-1.0 vol % colloidal nanoparticles of silicon dioxide, with the remainder being an aqueous solution of calcium chloride or potassium chloride. The emulsifier is in the form of a composition comprising: 40-42 vol % esters of higher unsaturated fatty acids and resin acids, 0.7-1 vol % amine-N-oxide, 0.5-1 vol % high-molecular-weight organic thermostabilizer, with the remainder being diesel fuel.

A method of preparing a water in oil emulsion comprises forming a mixture of oil and emulsifying agent, progressively adding an aqueous salt solution to the mixture and dispersing the aqueous salt solution into the mixture. A concentrated water in oil emulsion is formed with drops of the aqueous salt solution (1) packed inside the oil solution phase (2). The emulsion is added to water and then mixed so that the emulsion absorbs the water. The salt concentration of the emulsion relative to the salt concentration of the water is controlled. Methods of agglomerating fine hydrophobic particles in a slurry using the water in oil emulsion are provided, where the emulsion is added to the slurry and then mixed so that the emulsion absorbs the water in the slurry. The salt concentration of the emulsion relative to the salt concentration of the slurry is controlled.

Described herein are compositions and methods for the conversion of chlorophyll-derived phytol into useful and economically viable surfactants. The provided compositions utilize the hydrophobic phytol structure and added functional groups to increase hydrophilicity at one end of the molecule.