The present invention provides a surfactant of formula (I): (A).sub.m-X-(B).sub.n (I) wherein X is a linking group; each A is N independently a fluorocarbon or a perfluoropolyether; each B is independently (II) wherein a is an integer between 3 and 50 and each R is independently C.sub.1-6 alkyl, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OC.sub.1-6 alkyl or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)OC.sub.1-6 alkyl; m is an integer between 1 and 10; and n is an integer between 1 and 10.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a surfactant of formula (I): (A).sub.m-X-(B).sub.n (I) wherein X is a linking group; each A is N independently a fluorocarbon or a perfluoropolyether; each B is independently (II) wherein a is an integer between 3 and 50 and each R is independently C.sub.1-6 alkyl, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OC.sub.1-6 alkyl or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)OC.sub.1-6 alkyl; m is an integer between 1 and 10; and n is an integer between 1 and 10.

##STR00001##

A method of preparing a solid surfactant composite may include: coating a liquid water-wetting surfactant on a solid carrier; and drying the solid carrier to produce the solid surfactant composite. A method may include: introducing a spacer fluid into a wellbore, the spacer fluid comprising a solid surfactant composite; and displacing a fluid in the wellbore using the spacer fluid.

A high internal phase emulsion stabilized by a low content of surfactant and its preparation method thereof are provided. An oil ethoxylate is added to a vegetable oil, and the resulting mixture is uniformly mixed under a low-speed stirring at room temperature. Water is added dropwise to the mixture of surfactant and vegetable oil under stirring, and a homogenization is performed on the obtained dispersed system by a high-shear dispersion emulsification homogenizer to obtain the high internal phase emulsion stabilized by oil ethoxylate. The preparation method requires a low content of surfactant, mild preparation conditions and simple operations. When the oil-phase volume fraction is 83 vol %, the minimum mass fraction of the oil ethoxylate to stabilize the high internal phase emulsion is 0.6 wt %, and the prepared oil-in-water type high internal phase emulsion has excellent stability and shows bright color, delicate odor, hydra feel and being easy to apply.

There is provided an emulsifier comprising at least one C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 fatty acid diethanolamide, at least one C.sub.12 to C.sub.24 fatty acid, at least one C.sub.6 to C.sub.18 alcohol ethoxylate and optionally at least one sorbitan ester and/or at least one alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether. There is additionally provided emulsions comprising a fuel, water and an emulsifier and methods of producing emulsions.

The present invention relates to a process for producing hydrosilylatable, eugenol-based polyethers, to the conversion thereof into polyether siloxanes and also to the products that may be produced by this process and to the use of said products as surfactants.

An aqueous emulsion of dialkyl peroxide has at least one dialkyl peroxide in liquid form at room temperature, representing between 10% and 75% by weight of the emulsion, at least one emulsifier representing from 0.01% to 10% by weight of the emulsion, optionally, at least one antifreeze, optionally at least one functional additive, water, the amount of which is determined so as to form the rest of said emulsion (100%), characterized in that the emulsifier is a polyethoxylated nonionic surfactant. Also, a process for preparing this aqueous emulsion.

Drilling fluid compositions include invert emulsion fluids having an oleaginous phase, an aqueous phase, and an emulsifier composition that includes an ethoxylated alcohol compound and a polyaminated fatty acid compound. The ethoxylated alcohol compound has the formula R.sup.1—(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.n—OH, where R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and n is from 1 to 8. The ethoxylated alcohol compound has a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) of less than or equal to 6. The polyaminated fatty acid compound has the formula R.sup.2—CO—NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—N(COR.sup.2)—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—NH—CO—R.sup.3, where R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and R.sup.3 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkylene carboxylate group having formula —R.sup.4—COOH, where R.sup.4 is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbylene having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Methods of drilling wells include operating a drill in a wellbore in the presence of drilling fluid compositions.

The invention relates to a composition comprising a) a polymer a) comprising polymerized units of a N-vinyl lactam, b) a comb copolymer b) having a polymer backbone based on a vinyl aromatic compound and an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable carboxylic anhydride, and having at least two polyalkylene oxide side chains, and c) a carbon-based material.

The present invention relates to compositions in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion preferably comprising an aqueous phase, a natural wax, at least two surfactants, and a neutralizing agent.