The present invention relates to a method of dispersing fine particles in an aqueous or polar solvent. The dispersant comprises a compound of general formula (I): In general formula (I), AO is an alkylene oxide group selected from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, R.sup.1 is selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, and a pentyl group, R.sup.2 is a carboxylic acid terminated group comprising 1 to 5 carbon atoms between the carboxylic acid and the polyalkylene glycol group (-(AO).sub.n—O—), and n is 2 to 100. A dispersion of nanoparticles comprising the dispersant, use of the dispersant, and a method for dispersing nanoparticles is also disclosed.

A mixture of two alkoxylates surfactants, one being an aryl aliphatic carbinol alkoxylate, the other one being a dialiphatic carbinol alkoxylate, said mixture being useful for stabilizing emulsions and dispersions used in agricultural or pharmaceutical formulations. The alkoxylates surfactants may serve as substitutes for nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) and tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (TSE).

The object of the present invention is to provide a stabilizer for and a method for stabilizing an emulsion composition emulsified with a non-ionic surfactant. This invention solves the above object by providing a stabilizer for an emulsion composition emulsified with a non-ionic surfactant; the stabilizer comprising a glycosyl naringenin as an effective ingredient, and a method for stabilizing an emulsion composition emulsified with a non-ionic surfactant; the method comprising a step of having a stabilizer that comprises a glycosyl naringenin as an active ingredient mixed and/or contained in a starting material of the emulsion composition, an intermediate product of the emulsion composition, and/or the emulsion composition manufactured.

The object of the present invention is to provide a stabilizer for and a method for stabilizing an emulsion composition emulsified with a non-ionic surfactant. This invention solves the above object by providing a stabilizer for an emulsion composition emulsified with a non-ionic surfactant; the stabilizer comprising a glycosyl naringenin as an effective ingredient, and a method for stabilizing an emulsion composition emulsified with a non-ionic surfactant; the method comprising a step of having a stabilizer that comprises a glycosyl naringenin as an active ingredient mixed and/or contained in a starting material of the emulsion composition, an intermediate product of the emulsion composition, and/or the emulsion composition manufactured.

The invention relates to compositions containing compounds of formula (I), formula (II), or mixtures thereof, in which n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, R.sup.1, an aliphatic, linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, the structural unit —O—X, or the structural unit —CH.sub.2—O—X, X corresponds to formula (III), in which a is an integer from 2 to 6, b is an integer from 0 to 3, c is an integer from 20 to 28, m is 1 or 2, R.sup.2 is an aliphatic, linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, Y is hydrogen, —SO.sub.3M, —SO.sub.2M, —PO.sub.3M.sub.2, or —CH.sub.2COOM, and M is a cation. The compounds of formula (I), of formula (II), or mixtures thereof are preferably suitable to act as a dispersing agent. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to compositions containing compounds of formula (I), formula (II), or mixtures thereof, in which n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, R.sup.1, an aliphatic, linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, the structural unit —O—X, or the structural unit —CH.sub.2—O—X, X corresponds to formula (III), in which a is an integer from 2 to 6, b is an integer from 0 to 3, c is an integer from 20 to 28, m is 1 or 2, R.sup.2 is an aliphatic, linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, Y is hydrogen, —SO.sub.3M, —SO.sub.2M, —PO.sub.3M.sub.2, or —CH.sub.2COOM, and M is a cation. The compounds of formula (I), of formula (II), or mixtures thereof are preferably suitable to act as a dispersing agent. ##STR00001##

A method of preparing a solid surfactant composite may include: coating a liquid water-wetting surfactant on a solid carrier; and drying the solid carrier to produce the solid surfactant composite. A method may include: introducing a spacer fluid into a wellbore, the spacer fluid comprising a solid surfactant composite; and displacing a fluid in the wellbore using the spacer fluid.

The combined use of polyol ethers and cationic polyelectrolytes as additives in cosurfactant-containing aqueous polymer dispersions for production of porous polymer coatings, preferably for production of porous polyurethane coatings, is described.

The presently claimed invention relates to a dispersant containing oxyalkylenecarbonyl units and a process for its preparation. The presently claimed invention is also directed to the use of the dispersant in a coating composition or an ink composition.

The invention relates to compositions containing compounds of formula (I), formula (II), or mixtures thereof, in which n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, R.sup.1, an aliphatic, linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, the structural unit —O—X, or the structural unit —CH.sub.2—O—X, X corresponds to formula (III), in which a is an integer from 2 to 6, b is an integer from 0 to 3, c is an integer from 20 to 28, m is 1 or 2, R.sup.2 is an aliphatic, linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, Y is hydrogen, —SO.sub.3M, —SO.sub.2M, —PO.sub.3M.sub.2, or —CH.sub.2COOM, and M is a cation. The compounds of formula (I), of formula (II), or mixtures thereof are preferably suitable to act as a dispersing agent.

##STR00001##