This invention relates to azeotrope-like compositions, methods and systems having utility in numerous applications, and in particular, uses for azeotrope-like compositions comprising effective amounts of the compound cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (Z-HF0-1336mzzm), which has the following structure:

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and another material selected from the group consisting of water, fluoroketones, alcohols, hydrochlorofluoroolefins, and combinations of two or more thereof. These compositions may be used in a wide variety of applications such as, blowing agents, refrigerants, heating agents, power cycle agents, cleaning agents, aerosol propellants, sterilization agents, lubricants, flavor and fragrance extractants, flammability reducing agents, and flame suppression agents.

The present invention relates to compositions comprising eugenol polyethers and/or eugenol polyethers modified with siloxanes, and to the use of eugenol polyethers in polyether siloxanes based on these eugenol polyethers as wetting agents.

An electrowetting element comprises a first fluid and a second fluid substantially immiscible with the first fluid. Greater than or equal to 0.05 wt % and less than or equal to 15 wt % of the second fluid is water.

The present invention relates to a surfactant composition capable of making a dimethylsiloxane highly remain the solid surface, which is a surfactant composition containing an anionic surfactant (A), a cationic surfactant (B), and a dimethylpolysiloxane (C), wherein the following molar ratio R.sub.A is 0.10 to 0.90; and the following molar ratio R.sub.b is 0.4 or more: R.sub.A: a molar ratio {(A)/[(A)+(B)]} of the amount of the anionic surfactant (A) to the total amount of the anionic surfactant (A) and the cationic surfactant (B) R.sub.b: a molar ratio {[(a1)+(b1)]/[(A)+(B)]} of the total amount of a branched-type anionic surfactant (a1) and a branched-type cationic surfactant (b1) to the total amount of the anionic surfactant (A) and the cationic surfactant (B).

The present invention relates to a surfactant composition capable of making a dimethylsiloxane highly remain the solid surface, which is a surfactant composition containing an anionic surfactant (A), a cationic surfactant (B), and a dimethylpolysiloxane (C), wherein the following molar ratio R.sub.A is 0.10 to 0.90; and the following molar ratio R.sub.b is 0.4 or more: R.sub.A: a molar ratio {(A)/[(A)+(B)]} of the amount of the anionic surfactant (A) to the total amount of the anionic surfactant (A) and the cationic surfactant (B) R.sub.b: a molar ratio {[(a1)+(b1)]/[(A)+(B)]} of the total amount of a branched-type anionic surfactant (a1) and a branched-type cationic surfactant (b1) to the total amount of the anionic surfactant (A) and the cationic surfactant (B).

An aqueous composition, which can be diluted with an aqueous diluent to provide a foam precursor composition, is provided. The foam precursor composition can be aerated to form a firefighting foam. The present aqueous firefighting compositions include a surfactant mixture containing a siloxane-based surfactant together with one or more of a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and a zwitterionic surfactant. The aqueous firefighting compositions also include a polysaccharide thickener and an organic solvent, such as an alkylene glycol, glycerol and/or a glycol ether.

An aqueous composition, which can be diluted with an aqueous diluent to provide a foam precursor composition, is provided. The foam precursor composition can be aerated to form a firefighting foam. The present aqueous firefighting compositions include a surfactant mixture containing a siloxane-based surfactant together with one or more of a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and a zwitterionic surfactant. The aqueous firefighting compositions also include a polysaccharide thickener and an organic solvent, such as an alkylene glycol, glycerol and/or a glycol ether.

A carboxy group-containing organopolysiloxane represented by the following general formula (1). In the formula, R is independently a group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and an aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, x is an integer of 0 to 400, y is an integer of 1 to 100, n is an integer of 1 to 30, X.sup.1 is an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and X.sup.2 is an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. This provides a carboxyl group-containing organopolysiloxane having an ether bond and an ester bond as a linker, and a method for manufacturing the carboxyl group-containing organopolysiloxane that is free from peculiar odor derived from the carboxylic acid.

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An aqueous inkjet ink composition containing a pigment, an anionic group-containing resin, a resin emulsion, a surfactant, a water-soluble solvent, and water, in which a water-soluble solvent having a boiling point of at most 200 C. under 1 atm accounts for at least 90 mass % of the water-soluble solvent; the surfactant contains a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether and a silicone-based surfactant satisfying a specific condition; and the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether has an HLB value of 7-12. The aqueous inkjet ink composition has excellent discharge stability, favorable filling in a solid part and no unevenness even when printed and recorded on a non-absorptive print medium, and excellent drying properties on a paper surface.

A process for coating a product by ion exchange including: a) providing a product that contains a surface segregating species (SSS) having a low surface energy component and an ionic component wherein the SSS has segregated to an outer surface of the product to form an activated surface; and b) treating the activated surface of the product with a liquid containing a surface modifying agent comprising one or more polyionic species, wherein the polyionic species is attracted to and deposits on the activated surface through a process of ion exchange.