Disclosed is a composite particle including a plurality of nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles is uniformly dispersed in the inorganic material. Also disclosed is relates to a light emitting material, a support supporting at least one composite particle and/or a light emitting material and an optoelectronic device including at least one composite particle and/or a light emitting material.

Provided are metal halide perovskite light emitting device and method of manufacturing the same. The metal halide perovskite light emitting device uses perovskite film having a multi-dimensional crystal structure derived from a proton transfer reaction as light emitting layer. Due to self-assembled shell of the perovskite film, ion movement is suppressed and surface defects are removed. Thereby, photoluminescence intensity, luminescence efficiency and lifetime are improved. By injecting a fluorine-based material and a basic material into the PEDOT:PSS conductive polymer used as the conventional hole injection layer, the acidity is controlled and the work function of the interface is improved. Furthermore, chemically stable graphene barrier layer protects the electrode vulnerable to acid, so that a high-efficiency light emitting device can be manufactured.

A surgical suture provides a visual indication when the suture is subjected to excessive tension. The suture has an inner core at least partially covered by a segmented outer layer. The inner core is not visible when the suture is subjected to acceptable amounts of tension, but will become visible if the suture is subjected to unacceptable amounts of tension. The visibility of the inner core thus indicates to the surgeon or similar medical professional whether or not the suture is under acceptable tension.

Provided is an organic metal complex having a structure represented by the following general formula (1):
ML.sub.mL′.sub.n  (1)
where: M represents a metal atom selected from Ir, Pt, Rh, Os, and Zn; L and L′, which are different from each other, each represent a bidentate ligand; m represents an integer of 1 to 3 and n represents an integer of 0 to 2, provided that m+n is 3; a partial structure ML.sub.m represents a structure represented by the following general formula (2): ##STR00001##
and a partial structure ML′.sub.n represents a structure including a monovalent bidentate ligand.

An electroluminescent device including a first electrode, a hole transport layer disposed on the first electrode, a first emission layer disposed on the hole transport layer, the first emission layer including a first light emitting particle on which a first ligand and a second ligand having a hole transporting property are attached, a second emission layer disposed on the first emission layer, the second emission layer including a second light emitting particle on which a first ligand and a third ligand having an electron transporting property are attached, an electron transport layer disposed on the second emission layer, and a second electrode disposed on the electron transport layer, wherein a solubility of the second ligand in a solvent is different than a solubility of the third ligand in the solvent and a display device including the same.

A quantum dot according to an embodiment includes a core including a first semiconductor nanocrystal including zinc, selenium, and tellurium and a semiconductor nanocrystal shell on the core, the semiconductor nanocrystal shell including a zinc chalcogenide, wherein the quantum dot does not include cadmium, the zinc chalcogenide includes zinc and selenium, the quantum dot further includes gallium and a primary amine having 5 or more carbon atoms, and the quantum dot is configured to emit light having a maximum emission peak in a range of greater than about 450 nanometers (nm) and less than or equal to about 480 nm by excitation light. A method of producing the quantum dot and an electronic device including the same are also disclosed.

An optical film having high reliability and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The optical film includes a quantum dot layer, an upper protective layer and a lower protective layer. The upper protective layer is formed on a surface of the quantum dot layer. The lower protective layer is formed on another opposite surface of the quantum dot layer. The upper protective layer and the lower protective layer each include a bonding layer, a moisture and oxygen barrier layer, and a substrate layer located between the bonding layer and the moisture and oxygen barrier layer. The bonding layer is arranged proximate to the quantum dot layer and formed from an aqueous coating material. The moisture and oxygen barrier layer is arranged away from the quantum dot layer and includes an evaporated layer and an outer plastic layer formed on the evaporated layer.

A composite luminescent material synthesized by forming a precursor solution, forming a perovskite quantum dot/polymer composite by transferring the precursor solution onto a first substrate, and forming a composite luminescent material by coating the perovskite quantum dot/polymer composite with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solution. An exemplary precursor solution may be formed by obtaining a first solution by dissolving a polymer in a first organic solvent, obtaining a second solution by mixing an inorganic metal halide solution and an organic amine halide solution, and mixing the first solution and the second solution.

A method of inhibiting carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) hydrate formation in a CO.sub.2 pipeline is described. The method includes injecting a composition including monoethylene glycol carbon quantum dots (MEG CQDs) into the CO.sub.2 pipeline to deposit the MEG CQDs on an inside surface of the CO.sub.2 pipeline. The method further includes pressurizing the CO.sub.2 pipeline with a gas stream containing CO.sub.2 and water vapor at a pressure of 200-2,000 pounds per square inch (psi). The MEG CQDs are present on the inside surface of the CO.sub.2 pipeline in an amount effective to reduce the formation of CO.sub.2 hydrates in the CO.sub.2 pipeline during the pressurizing in comparison to the formation of the CO.sub.2 hydrates in the CO.sub.2 pipeline under the same conditions but in the absence of the MEG CQDs.

Optical tags provide a way to identify assets quickly and unambiguously, an application relevant to anti-counterfeiting and protection of valuable resources or information. The present invention is directed to a tag fluorophore that encodes multilayer complexity in a family of heterometallic rare-earth metal-organic frameworks (RE-MOFs) based on highly connected polynuclear clusters and carboxylic acid-based linkers. Both overt (visible) and covert (near infrared, NIR) properties with concomitant multi-emissive spectra and tunable luminescence lifetimes impart both intricacy and security. Tag authentication can be validated with a variety of orthogonal detection methodologies. The relationships between structure, composition, and optical properties of the family of RE-MOFs can be used to create a large library of rationally designed, highly complex, difficult to counterfeit optical tags.