A light-emitting layer for a halide perovskite light-emitting device, a method for manufacturing the same and a perovskite light-emitting device using the same are disclosed. The light-emitting layer can be manufactured by forming a first nanoparticle thin film by coating, on a member, a solution comprising halide perovskite nanoparticles having a halide perovskite nanocrystalline structure. Thereby, a nanoparticle light emitter has therein a halide perovskite having a crystal structure in which FCC and BCC are combined; and can show high color purity. In addition, it is possible to improve the luminescence efficiency and luminance of a device by making perovskite as nanoparticles and then introducing the same into a light-emitting layer.

A light-emitting layer for a halide perovskite light-emitting device, a method for manufacturing the same and a perovskite light-emitting device using the same are disclosed. The light-emitting layer can be manufactured by forming a first nanoparticle thin film by coating, on a member, a solution comprising halide perovskite nanoparticles having a halide perovskite nanocrystalline structure. Thereby, a nanoparticle light emitter has therein a halide perovskite having a crystal structure in which FCC and BCC are combined; and can show high color purity. In addition, it is possible to improve the luminescence efficiency and luminance of a device by making perovskite as nanoparticles and then introducing the same into a light-emitting layer.

The invention relates to a process for producing a crystalline A/M/X material, which crystalline A/M/X material comprises a compound of formula [A].sub.a[M].sub.b[X].sub.c wherein: [A] comprises one or more A cations; [M] comprises one or more M cations which are metal or metalloid cations; [X] comprises one or more X anions; a is a number from 1 to 6; b is a number from 1 to 6; and c is a number from 1 to 18. The process is capable of producing crystalline A/M/X materials while precisely controlling their stoichiometry, leading to products with finely tunable optical properties such as peak emission wavelength. The invention also relates to process for producing a thin film comprising the crystalline A/M/X material of the invention, and to a thin film obtainable by the process of the invention. An optoelectronic device comprising the thin film is also provided.

A method including forming a lead halide precursor ink comprising a group 1 metal halide, a lead halide, an ionic liquid, and a solvent; depositing the lead halide precursor ink onto a substrate; drying the lead halide precursor ink to form a lead halide film; and annealing the lead halide film.

An aspect of the present disclosure is a method of making a device, wherein the method includes, in order, depositing a layer of a photoresist onto a substrate, depositing a mask onto the photoresist, developing the photoresist, resulting in the forming of a grid having a plurality of cavities, and depositing a semiconductor onto the grid, resulting in substantially filling each cavity with the semiconductor.

A method of inhibiting carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) hydrate formation in a CO.sub.2 pipeline is described. The method includes injecting a composition including monoethylene glycol carbon quantum dots (MEG CQDs) into the CO.sub.2 pipeline to deposit the MEG CQDs on an inside surface of the CO.sub.2 pipeline. The method further includes pressurizing the CO.sub.2 pipeline with a gas stream containing CO.sub.2 and water vapor at a pressure of 200-2,000 pounds per square inch (psi). The MEG CQDs are present on the inside surface of the CO.sub.2 pipeline in an amount effective to reduce the formation of CO.sub.2 hydrates in the CO.sub.2 pipeline during the pressurizing in comparison to the formation of the CO.sub.2 hydrates in the CO.sub.2 pipeline under the same conditions but in the absence of the MEG CQDs.

Organic-inorganic perovskite nanoparticle compositions are described herein. In some embodiments, a nanoparticle composition comprises a layer of organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals, the organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals comprising surfaces associated with ligands of size unable to incorporate into octahedral corner sites of the perovskite crystal structure.

Provided are a quantum dot light-emitting device, a display apparatus and a manufacturing method The quantum dot light-emitting device includes: a light-emitting layer group of a first and second quantum dot light-emitting layers arranged in a laminated manner, the chain length of a first ligand is greater than that of a second ligand, the difference between two chain lengths is greater than a first preset value; the difference between the number of carriers arriving at the light-emitting layer group from a first electrode layer and the number of carriers arriving at the light-emitting layer group from a second electrode layer is greater than a second preset value; the side of the light-emitting layer group with the largest number of entering carriers is used as a multi-carrier entry side; the first quantum dot light-emitting layer is on the surface of the second quantum dot light-emitting layer facing the multi-carrier entry side.

A fluorescent green toner contains toner particles containing a binder resin, a release agent, a fluorescent pigment having a hydrophilic group, and a pigment having a halogen atom.

Organic-inorganic perovskite nanoparticle compositions are described herein. In some embodiments, a nanoparticle composition comprises a layer of organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals, the organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals comprising surfaces associated with ligands of size unable to incorporate into octahedral corner sites of the perovskite crystal structure.