Antimicrobial compositions for killing or deactivating microbes, such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi, include metal nanoparticles, a carrier, and a plurality of metal nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can be selected to have a particle size and particle size distribution to selectively and preferentially kill one of a virus, a bacterium, or a fungus. Antiviral compositions can include nanoparticles having a particle size of 8 nm or less, 1-7 nm, 2-6.5 nm, or 3-6 nm. Antibacterial compositions can include nanoparticles having a particle size of 3-14 nm, 5-13 nm, 7-12 nm, or 8-10 nm. Antifungal compositions can include nanoparticles having a particle size of 9-20 nm, 10-18 nm, 11-16 nm, or 12-15 nm.

Disclosed is a sanitary ware having not only a practical antivirus property but also a property which allows a pollution to be difficultly attached to, and to be easily removed from the sanitary ware. A sanitary ware comprising a pottery substrate and a glaze layer formed on a surface of the pottery substrate, wherein the glaze layer contains a metal element as an antivirus agent, and the metal element is present in a state of a spinodal phase separation in at least a surface region of the glaze layer, has a practical antivirus property as well as a property which allows a pollution to be difficultly attached to, and to be easily removed from, the sanitary ware.

Disclosed is a sanitary ware having not only a practical antivirus property but also a property which allows a pollution to be difficultly attached to, and to be easily removed from the sanitary ware. A sanitary ware comprising a pottery substrate and a glaze layer formed on a surface of the pottery substrate, wherein the glaze layer contains a metal element as an antivirus agent, and the metal element is present in a state of a spinodal phase separation in at least a surface region of the glaze layer, has a practical antivirus property as well as a property which allows a pollution to be difficultly attached to, and to be easily removed from, the sanitary ware.

Disclosed is a sanitary ware having not only a practical antivirus property but also a property which allows a pollution to be difficultly attached to, and to be easily removed from the sanitary ware. A sanitary ware comprising a pottery substrate and a glaze layer formed on a surface of the pottery substrate, wherein the glaze layer contains a metal element as an antivirus agent, and the metal element is present in a state of a spinodal phase separation in at least a surface region of the glaze layer, has a practical antivirus property as well as a property which allows a pollution to be difficultly attached to, and to be easily removed from, the sanitary ware.

The present invention provides an antiviral substrate that is excellent in antiviral properties, is excellent in transparency or the like, and is capable of maintaining characteristics such as the transparency of a base material and the color of the surface of the base material. The present invention relates to an antiviral substrate in which a cured material of an electromagnetic curable resin containing a copper compound is scattered in the form of islands on a surface of a base material, and at least a part of the copper compound is exposed on a surface of the cured material of the electromagnetic curable resin.

The present invention provides an antiviral substrate that is excellent in antiviral properties, is excellent in transparency or the like, and is capable of maintaining characteristics such as the transparency of a base material and the color of the surface of the base material. The present invention relates to an antiviral substrate in which a cured material of an electromagnetic curable resin containing a copper compound is scattered in the form of islands on a surface of a base material, and at least a part of the copper compound is exposed on a surface of the cured material of the electromagnetic curable resin.

Insect repellant articles and the use of the insect repellant articles. In accordance with certain embodiments, the insect repellant article comprises scent releasing component capable of deterring insects and/or other pests. The insect repellant articles are particularly useful in repelling insects such as bees, which can cause allergic reactions in pets or other animals.

Insect repellant articles and the use of the insect repellant articles. In accordance with certain embodiments, the insect repellant article comprises scent releasing component capable of deterring insects and/or other pests. The insect repellant articles are particularly useful in repelling insects such as bees, which can cause allergic reactions in pets or other animals.

An aqueous solution for intraoral cleaning via irradiation with ultraviolet ray and/or near-ultraviolet visible ray and/or ray in an 800-900 nm near-infrared region is employed as the hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution, wherein a concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 1 w/v % to 7 w/v %, and a concentration of a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer is 81 ppm (mg/L) or less in the aqueous solution.

An aqueous solution for intraoral cleaning via irradiation with ultraviolet ray and/or near-ultraviolet visible ray and/or ray in an 800-900 nm near-infrared region is employed as the hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution, wherein a concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 1 w/v % to 7 w/v %, and a concentration of a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer is 81 ppm (mg/L) or less in the aqueous solution.