Disclosed herein are methods of making pure chalcogenide (e.g., selenium, tellurium, or selenium/tellurium) nanoparticles by irradiating chalcogenide pellets by nano-second laser ablation using chitosan as a capping agent to form chitosan chalcogenide nanoparticles (CS-CgNPs). CS-CgNPs and methods of using such particles are also disclosed herein, such as antimicrobials and antimicrobial coatings effective against biofilms.

An antibacterial and deodorizing leather includes a leather body and an antibacterial and deodorizing layer. The antibacterial and deodorizing layer includes a water-based foaming material and an antibacterial deodorant. The water-based foaming material and the antibacterial deodorant are mixed and arranged on the leather body and then bonded with the leather body by hot pressing. By uniformly mixing the antibacterial deodorant and a bactericide through the water-based foaming material to become gelatinous, the antibacterial and deodorizing layer is arranged on the leather body according to the size of the leather body. Then, the antibacterial and deodorizing layer is tightly bonded with the leather body by hot pressing, achieving the effects of saving costs, simplifying the manufacturing process, and environmental protection.

The invention relates to treated cellulosic fibers comprising internally dispersed cuprous oxide (Cu.sub.2O) nanoparticles, methods of preparing such treated cellulosic fibers, and uses of such treated cellulosic fibers.

The invention relates to treated cellulosic fibers comprising internally dispersed cuprous oxide (Cu.sub.2O) nanoparticles, methods of preparing such treated cellulosic fibers, and uses of such treated cellulosic fibers.

The invention relates to treated cellulosic fibers comprising internally dispersed cuprous oxide (Cu.sub.2O) nanoparticles, methods of preparing such treated cellulosic fibers, and uses of such treated cellulosic fibers.

The present disclosure relates to an agricultural composition comprising: a) plant growth promoting Gram-negative bacteria; b) a desiccation protectant selected from the group consisting of: a carboxyalkylcellulose or derivative or salt thereof, a hydroxyalkylcellulose or derivative or salt thereof, an alginate or derivative or salt thereof, trehalose or a derivative or salt thereof; tamarind seed gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, tara gum, guar gum, pectin, pullulan, psyllium seed gum, and carrageenan; and combinations thereof; and c) an agriculturally acceptable carrier. The disclosure also provides a method of increasing resistance to desiccation in plant growth promoting Gram-negative bacteria, the method comprising adding a desiccation protectant to the plant growth promoting Gram-negative bacteria.

The present disclosure relates to an agricultural composition comprising: a) plant growth promoting Gram-negative bacteria; b) a desiccation protectant selected from the group consisting of: a carboxyalkylcellulose or derivative or salt thereof, a hydroxyalkylcellulose or derivative or salt thereof, an alginate or derivative or salt thereof, trehalose or a derivative or salt thereof; tamarind seed gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, tara gum, guar gum, pectin, pullulan, psyllium seed gum, and carrageenan; and combinations thereof; and c) an agriculturally acceptable carrier. The disclosure also provides a method of increasing resistance to desiccation in plant growth promoting Gram-negative bacteria, the method comprising adding a desiccation protectant to the plant growth promoting Gram-negative bacteria.

[Problem to be Solved] An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous antimicrobial composition which exhibits excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities even at a low concentration and has high safety, low skin irritation, and excellent long-term stability. [Solution] Aqueous antimicrobial compositions comprising two or more compounds selected from (a) benzoic acid or a salt thereof, (b) δ-gluconolactone, (c) ketonic acid or a salt thereof, and (d) sorbic acid or a salt thereof; and at least one or more dicarboxylic acid represented by General Formula (I) or a salt thereof.

[Problem to be Solved] An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous antimicrobial composition which exhibits excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities even at a low concentration and has high safety, low skin irritation, and excellent long-term stability. [Solution] Aqueous antimicrobial compositions comprising two or more compounds selected from (a) benzoic acid or a salt thereof, (b) δ-gluconolactone, (c) ketonic acid or a salt thereof, and (d) sorbic acid or a salt thereof; and at least one or more dicarboxylic acid represented by General Formula (I) or a salt thereof.

[Problem to be Solved] An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous antimicrobial composition which exhibits excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities even at a low concentration and has high safety, low skin irritation, and excellent long-term stability. [Solution] Aqueous antimicrobial compositions comprising two or more compounds selected from (a) benzoic acid or a salt thereof, (b) δ-gluconolactone, (c) ketonic acid or a salt thereof, and (d) sorbic acid or a salt thereof; and at least one or more dicarboxylic acid represented by General Formula (I) or a salt thereof.