Plastic products contain at least one synthetic material and at least one luminophore of the general formula (I) Lu.sub.3?a?b?nLn.sub.b(Mg.sub.1?zCa.sub.z).sub.aLi.sub.n(Al.sub.1?u?vGa.sub.uSc.sub.v).sub.5?a?2n(Si.sub.1?d?eZr.sub.dHf.sub.e).sub.a+2nO.sub.12 (I), where a=0-1, 1?b>0, d=0-1, e=0-1, n=0-1, z=0-1, u=0-1, and v=0-1, with the proviso that u+v?1 and d+e?1. Ln is selected from praseodymium (Pr), gadolinium (Gd), erbium (Er), neodymium (Nd), and yttrium (Y). Objects containing the plastic product and objects made therefrom are also provided.

New organic materials having polyaromatic structure containing boron and high triplet energy are disclosed. The high triplet energy materials are useful as host materials in PHOLEDs and improve device quantum efficiency and stability.

Provided is a light-emitting electrochemical cell including a light-emitting layer 3, a first electrode 1, and a second electrode 2, wherein the light-emitting layer contains an ionic compound and the ionic compound contains an anion having a silicon atom. The anion has a silicon-containing group represented, for example, by SiR.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3 (R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are all bonded directly to Si) and an anion group. The anion group is represented, for example, by SO.sub.3.sup., OSO.sub.3.sup., or OP(OR.sup.0)O.sub.3.sup.. R.sup.0 to R.sup.3 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Two alkyl groups selected from R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are optionally bonded to each other to form an alkylene group having 4 or 5 carbon atoms and constituting a cyclic structure together with the silicon atom.

A quantum dot composition includes a quantum dot, a ligand to bind to a surface of the quantum dot, an additive having an amine group, and a precursor comprising an organometallic compound, the composition forming a modified quantum dot having a reformed surface characteristic. A light emitting element including the modified quantum dot may have improved lifespan, luminous efficiency, and material stability.

Provided are a perovskite optoelectronic device containing an exciton buffer layer, and a method for manufacturing the same. The optoelectronic device of the present inventive concept comprises: an exciton buffer layer in which a first electrode, a conductive layer disposed on the first electrode and comprising a conductive material, and a surface buffer layer containing fluorine-based material having lower surface energy than the conductive material are sequentially deposited; a photoactive layer disposed on the exciton buffer layer and containing a perovskite photoactive layer; and a second electrode disposed on the photoactive layer. Accordingly, a perovskite is formed with a combined FCC and BSS crystal structure in a nanoparticle photoactive layer. The present inventive concept can also form a lamellar or layered structure in which an organic plane and an inorganic plane are alternatively deposited; and an exciton can be bound by the inorganic plane, thereby being capable of expressing high color purity.

Provided are a perovskite light emitting device containing an exciton buffer layer, and a method for manufacturing the same. The light emitting device of the present invention comprises: an exciton buffer layer in which a first electrode, a conductive layer disposed on the first electrode and comprising a conductive material, and a surface buffer layer containing fluorine-based material having lower surface energy than the conductive material are sequentially deposited; a light-emitting layer disposed on the exciton buffer layer and containing a perovskite light-emitter; and a second electrode disposed on the light-emitting layer. Accordingly, a perovskite is formed with a combined FCC and BSS crystal structure in a nanoparticle light-emitter. The present invention can also form a lamellar or layered structure in which an organic plane and an inorganic plane are alternatively deposited; and an exciton can be bound by the inorganic plane, thereby being capable of expressing high color purity.

Some embodiments are directed to a mechanoluminescence material including a first compound and a second compound, each of which contains a bi-pyridine or pyridine that includes an N-oxide group bound to an ns.sup.2 metal cation from the p block. The second compound of the material is obtained by grinding a compound that is identical to the first one.

Complexes and devices, such as organic light emitting devices and full color displays, including a compound of the formula: ##STR00001## wherein: M is Pd.sup.2+, Ir.sup.+, Rh.sup.+, or Au.sup.3+; each of V.sup.1, V.sup.2, V.sup.3, and V.sup.4 is coordinated to M and is independently N, C, P, B, or Si; each of L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, and L.sup.4 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, carbene, or N-heterocyclic carbene; and Z is O, S, NR, CR.sub.2, SiR.sub.2, BR, PR, ##STR00002## where each R is independently substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.

Embodiments of this disclosure includes a solvent coatable emitter composition that includes an emitter material; and noble metal nanoparticles having a median size of less than or equal to 5 nanometers, wherein the size distribution is less than 20%.

A composition is provided, including one or more quantum dots and at least one organic emitter. Further, a formulation including the composition, a use of the formulation and a device comprising the composition or formulation is provided.