The Kerr effect depends very strongly on the temperature and is associated with high operating voltages. The present invention relates to an electrically controllable optical element which comprises a cell (D) filled with a starting mixture (K) and having two substrates (1a, 1b) and a conductive layer (2a, 2b) applied onto the inner surface of the respective substrate (1a, 1b), wherein the starting mixture (K) comprises a mixture of dipolar, rod-shaped molecules (5) and semi-mesogenes (4) as active constituents, and wherein the starting mixture (K) forms a thin layer having a wide-meshed, anisotropic network (9) produced by photo-polymerization between the structured or/and flat conductive layers (2a, 2b), which are applied onto a substrate (1a, 1b), in a thin-film cell (D). According to the invention, an optically active surface profile (O) is incorporated on the inner surface of a substrate (1a or 1b) or into the substrate (1a or 1b) or both substrates (1a and 1b).

A display device includes an optical member and an optical sheet that is in a sheet form. The optical member includes a first surface. The optical sheet includes a second surface that is disposed to be opposed to the first surface. The first surface and the second surface are charged to a same polarity.

A display device includes a display panel, a protection film which faces the display panel and includes a first surface closest to the display panel and a second surface which is opposed to the first surface, a first anti-static layer which defines the first surface of the protection film, a second anti-static layer which faces the first anti-static layer and defines the second surface of the protection film, and a polyimide film between the first anti-static layer and the second anti-static layer, and an adhesive layer which forms an interface with the first surface of the protection film and attaches the protection film to the display panel.

A method of achieving higher polar anchoring strength of liquid crystal (LC) using monolayer graphene flakes in an LC device and attaining faster electro-optic switching in an LC device comprising the steps of providing graphene in an ethanol solvent, adding a liquid crystal to the graphene and ethanol solution, forming a liquid crystal graphene ethanol solution, evaporating the ethanol, and forming a pure liquid crystal graphene mixture. A liquid crystal device with faster electro-optic switching and higher polar anchoring strength comprising an LC cell having a polyimide (PI) alignment layer, the liquid crystal graphene mixture, wherein the graphene flakes preferentially attach to the PI alignment layer; wherein the effective polar anchoring energy in the LC cell is enhanced by an order of magnitude and wherein the electro-optic response of the LC is accelerated.

A hanging type switchable anti-peeping device, removably hung on a displaying screen for an anti-peeping effect, includes two conductive layers, a displaying medium layer, and a drive unit. The displaying medium layer is between the conductive layers. The drive unit is electrically connected with the conductive layers. The drive unit provides a driving voltage between the conductive layers for driving the displaying medium layer to change the light permeability. At least one conductive layer has hollow portions arranged at intervals, forming a grille structure with a plurality of division portions. With the hollow portions arranged at intervals, during the lightening of the display screen, the transmittance of the hollow portions is higher than that of the division portions, improving the transmittance of the conductive layer. Thus, with the anti-peeping device hung on the displaying screen, the screen brightness would not decrease.

An in-cell type liquid crystal panel is disclosed containing an in-cell type liquid crystal cell, a first polarizing film disposed on a viewing side of the in-cell liquid crystal cell, a second polarizing film disposed opposite to the viewing side, and a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer disposed between the first polarizing film and the in-cell type liquid crystal cell, wherein: a surface resistance value of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer side is 1.0×10.sup.8 to 1.0×10.sup.11Ω/□ at the time of producing a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film in a state where the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is provided on the first polarizing film and a separator is provided on the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and peeling off the separator immediately after the production, and a moisture permeability of the transparent protective film at 40° C.×92% RH is 900 g/(m.sup.2.Math.24 h) or less.

A flexible liquid crystal film using a fiber-based foldable transparent electrode and a method of fabricating the same are provided. A flexible liquid crystal film using a fiber-based foldable transparent electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the flexible liquid crystal film includes: a pair of fiber-based foldable transparent electrodes in which a nanofiber transparent thin film formed of a polymer and a Nylon-6 nanofiber is coated with a silver (Ag) nanowire; and a dispersed liquid crystal formed by being cured between the pair of fiber-based foldable transparent electrodes.

A method of achieving higher polar anchoring strength of liquid crystal (LC) using monolayer graphene flakes in an LC device and attaining faster electro-optic switching in an LC device comprising the steps of providing graphene in an ethanol solvent, adding a liquid crystal to the graphene and ethanol solution, forming a liquid crystal graphene ethanol solution, evaporating the ethanol, and forming a pure liquid crystal graphene mixture. A liquid crystal device with faster electro-optic switching and higher polar anchoring strength comprising an LC cell having a polyimide (PI) alignment layer, the liquid crystal graphene mixture, wherein the graphene flakes preferentially attach to the PI alignment layer; wherein the effective polar anchoring energy in the LC cell is enhanced by an order of magnitude and wherein the electro-optic response of the LC is accelerated.

Disclosed is an electrode including a conductive material and a dopant having a work function of at least 5.0 eV. The conductive material may be one selected from the group consisting of a metal particle having a reflectivity of at least 80%, a carbon allotrope, a conductive polymer, metal nanowire, and a mixture thereof.

A touch sensor panel includes a base layer, a touch sensor layer, and a first insulating layer in this order. The touch sensor layer includes a patterned conductive layer. A water vapor transmission rate Pc of the base layer at a temperature of 40 C. and a humidity of 90% RH is not higher than 900 g/(m.sup.224 hr). A water vapor transmission rate Pa of the first insulating layer at a temperature of 40 C. and a humidity of 90% RH is not higher than 900 g/(m.sup.224 hr).