The presently disclosed subject matter relates to torrefied biomass briquettes and methods for producing the same that make use of a mixture of lightly torrefied material (LTM) and highly torrefied material (HTM) and/or make use of torrefied materials that are subjected to a hydrolysis pretreatment prior to being torrefied.

The present disclosure relates to a method of producing metallurgical coke from a combination of non-coking and non-metallic carbon-based microwave susceptor. The method is energy efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly. The present disclosure also relates to metallurgical coke having improved coke quality, such as improved coke strength after reaction.

The present disclosure relates to a method of producing metallurgical coke from a combination of non-coking and non-metallic carbon-based microwave susceptor. The method is energy efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly. The present disclosure also relates to metallurgical coke having improved coke quality, such as improved coke strength after reaction.

An apparatus includes a reactor vessel containing a carbonaceous bed and having means for establishing an elevated temperature within the carbonaceous bed; and the reactor vessel also having one or more feed material inlets above the carbonaceous bed for depositing process material from outside the vessel onto the carbonaceous bed, one or more gas exhaust ports above the bed for exit of gaseous products from the vessel, and one or more slag ports at the bottom of the carbonaceous bed for exit of molten and vitreous material from the vessel; wherein the carbonaceous bed comprises bricks that contain carbon and are of varied size and shape of which at least 25% of the total carbon content of the bed comprises spent pot liner material from aluminum processing, and wherein the bricks further comprise at least one of: Portland cement, potassium silicate cement, or aluminum silicate cement.

An apparatus includes a reactor vessel containing a carbonaceous bed and having means for establishing an elevated temperature within the carbonaceous bed; and the reactor vessel also having one or more feed material inlets above the carbonaceous bed for depositing process material from outside the vessel onto the carbonaceous bed, one or more gas exhaust ports above the bed for exit of gaseous products from the vessel, and one or more slag ports at the bottom of the carbonaceous bed for exit of molten and vitreous material from the vessel; wherein the carbonaceous bed comprises bricks that contain carbon and are of varied size and shape of which at least 25% of the total carbon content of the bed comprises spent pot liner material from aluminum processing, and wherein the bricks further comprise at least one of: Portland cement, potassium silicate cement, or aluminum silicate cement.

Systems and methods for thermocatalytic treatment of material are provided. The system can have a charging region to supply starting material, a preconditioning zone in which preconditioned material is formed from the starting material, a pyrolysis zone in which pyrolysed material is formed from the preconditioned material, and a separation unit for separation of the pyrolysed material. In the preconditioning zone and the pyrolysis zone, a heater can be provided for heating of the material. Also provided in the pyrolysis zone are recirculation means with which a solid portion of the pyrolysed material can be recirculated directly into the region of the pyrolysis zone facing toward the preconditioning zone.

Systems and methods for thermocatalytic treatment of material are provided. The system can have a charging region to supply starting material, a preconditioning zone in which preconditioned material is formed from the starting material, a pyrolysis zone in which pyrolysed material is formed from the preconditioned material, and a separation unit for separation of the pyrolysed material. In the preconditioning zone and the pyrolysis zone, a heater can be provided for heating of the material. Also provided in the pyrolysis zone are recirculation means with which a solid portion of the pyrolysed material can be recirculated directly into the region of the pyrolysis zone facing toward the preconditioning zone.

A method in which a parent hydrocarbon-rich material is processed so as to produce both a carbon-rich solid material that has a higher carbon to hydrogen ratio than that of the parent material and a carbon-deficient combustible gas that has a lower carbon to hydrogen ratio than the parent material. In the process, the material is activated by exposing it to a hot gas stream having elevated levels of one or both of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The combustible gas is combusted to produce heat. At least about 80% of the heat is used in one ore more endothermic steps that include drying coal or biomass.

The present invention relates to a method for upgrading heavy oil by using byproducts of coke production, and particularly provides a method for upgrading heavy oil comprising the steps of: a) mixing heavy oil with byproducts of coke production to produce a mixed liquid: and b) subjecting the mixed liquid to pyrolysis, the method allowing reduction of the amount of coke generated and thus being economical and effective.

A carbonized solid agglomerate for use in a blast furnace, comprising in its composition: at least one source of carbon (10); at least one source of calcium (11); and at least one binder (12); wherein, after mechanical shaping (200) of the solid agglomerate, the agglomerate is subjected to a pyrolyzing step (400) at a temperature greater than or equal to 600 C. and less than 800 C.; wherein the solid agglomerate comprises 25 to 35% by mass of the at least one source of calcium (11). A method for manufacturing the proposed solid agglomerate.