A system for producing biocoal and biochar includes at least one rotary compression unit (RCU) having a barrel, a compression screw housed within the barrel, a feed for receiving biomass and at least one exit for releasing biochar and gasses formed in the RCU. A first exit stream is produced that includes biochar and a portion of the remaining gasses, and a second exit stream is produced that includes biocoal. A gas crossover is provided that connects the first and second exit stream having a mechanism for transporting gasses from the first exit stream to the second exit stream thereby condensing a portion of the remaining gasses into the biocoal. In one form two RCUs are included connected to two condensers.

A method for producing an electrically-conductive pellet includes reducing a size of a first material. The method also includes wetting the first material to produce a first slurry. The method also includes introducing the first slurry into a fluidizer to produce a first pellet. The method also includes reducing a size of a second material. The second material is an electrically-conductive material. The method also includes wetting the second material to produce a second slurry. The method also includes applying the second slurry to the first pellet.

A process for producing products from biomass comprises pyrolysing biomass at a selected temperature and producing a bio-syngas, processing bio-syngas from pyrolysis step (a) to remove condensable constituents from the bio-syngas, and processing the non-condensable bio-syngas from bio-syngas processing step (b) and producing one or more than one product, such as bio-fuels, bio-chemicals, bio-solvents and bio-plastics.

Provided are a method for producing artificial graphite through a vertical graphitization furnace with easy circulation of inert gas, uniform heating and no damage to the furnace; and particulates used therefor. The method comprises steps of: introducing graphitizable particulates having average particle diameter of 3 to 30 mm into an inside of the furnace from upper part thereof, heating the particulates at 2200° C. to 3200° C. while making inert gas flow from lower part toward upper part thereof to graphitize the particulates, and removing the graphite through lower part thereof. The particulates have average particle diameter of 3 to 30 mm and are obtained by granulating mixture comprising 100 wt parts of graphitizable carbonaceous substance powder having average particle diameter of 10 to 20 μm, 3 to 20 wt parts of binder decomposable at lower than 1000° C., and 5 to 30 wt parts of liquid which can dissolve the binder.

Disclosed is an improved system and method for carrying out the petroleum coking process. The improvements provide for recovery of gaseous hydrocarbons from operational units and use of the recovered gaseous hydrocarbons in place of steam during the coking process and during the stripping of volatile compounds from the coke drums.

A pot furnace for calcining petroleum coke at low temperature may include a pot, and a cooling water jacket and a flame path below the pot. The flame path may include eight layers. An inlet of a first flame path layer may be in communication with a volatile channel in the front wall, and is provided with a first flame path layer flashboard. An eighth flame path layer may be in communication with a communication flue. Flue gas may be discharged out of the furnace body through a main flue. A furnace bottom cooling channel may be provided below the eighth flame path layer.

A pot furnace low temperature calcination process may ensure that, by controlling the flame path temperature and discharge speed of the pot furnace, that the range of the temperature at which the petroleum coke is calcined in the pot is from 1150° C. to 1220° C. and that the discharge speed is 10 to 20% higher than the normal discharge speed and reaches 110˜120 kg/h, reducing the amount of desulfurization of the petroleum coke during the calcination so that the true density of the calcined coke is between 2.05 and 2.07 g/cm.sup.3.

A process for the production of charcoal comprising the steps of: a) feeding biomass, in particular wood chips, into a pyrolysis unit, in which the wood chips are pyrolyzed into a full stream comprising solid, liquid and gaseous material, b) feeding the full stream and a gasifying agent into an oxidation unit, wherein the full stream is oxidized at least partially and transported pneumatically, c) feeding the partially oxidized full stream from the oxidation unit into a reduction unit arranged essentially vertically, the material outlet of the oxidation unit being connected to the reduction unit, with the cross-section of the reduction unit increasing as the distance from the material outlet of the oxidation unit increases, the flow rate of the full stream in the reduction unit being adapted to the material of the full stream and to the shape of the flow cross-section of the reduction unit in such a way that a stable fixed bed kept in suspension is formed in the reduction unit, d) removing the raw charcoal from the reduction unit via an overflow, e) separating gaseous components in a hot gas filter and collecting the charcoal, and f) quenching the collected charcoal with water.

In some variations, the invention provides a biocarbon pellet comprising: 35 wt % to 99 wt % of a biogenic reagent, wherein the biogenic reagent comprises, on a dry basis, at least 60 wt % carbon; 0 wt % to 35 wt % water moisture; and 1 wt % to 30 wt % of a binder, wherein the biocarbon pellet is characterized by an adjustable Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) from about 30 to about 120, as shown in the Examples. The pellet HGI is adjustable by controlling process conditions and the pellet binder. The binder can be an organic binder or an inorganic binder. The carbon is renewable as determined from a measurement of the .sup.14C/.sup.12C isotopic ratio. Many processes of making and using the biocarbon pellets are described. Applications of the biocarbon pellets include pulverized coal boilers, furnaces for making metals such as iron or silicon, and gasifiers for producing reducing gas.

Provided here are systems and methods of production of needle coke by processing an aromatic rejects stream containing long chain alkyl monoaromatics and bridged diaromatics through a delayed coking process. Various other embodiments may be disclosed and claimed.