A method for producing a pyrolysis oil is described. In said method, a feedstock to be treated is first pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis zone, in which the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius to 700 degrees Celsius; and pyrolyzed solids and pyrolysis vapors are formed. The pyrolysis vapors are then reformed at a temperature of 450 degrees Celsius to 1,200 degrees Celsius in a post-conditioning zone, in which the pyrolysis vapors are brought into contact with a catalyst bed, wherein the pyrolysis oil is formed. In this case, the catalyst comprises a pyrolyzed solid, which can be obtained according to the pyrolysis, described above. Finally the pyrolysis oil is separated from the additional pyrolysis products, which are formed, in a separation unit.

A method for producing a pyrolysis oil is described. In said method, a feedstock to be treated is first pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis zone, in which the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius to 700 degrees Celsius; and pyrolyzed solids and pyrolysis vapors are formed. The pyrolysis vapors are then reformed at a temperature of 450 degrees Celsius to 1,200 degrees Celsius in a post-conditioning zone, in which the pyrolysis vapors are brought into contact with a catalyst bed, wherein the pyrolysis oil is formed. In this case, the catalyst comprises a pyrolyzed solid, which can be obtained according to the pyrolysis, described above. Finally the pyrolysis oil is separated from the additional pyrolysis products, which are formed, in a separation unit.

The invention presents a covered cavity kiln pyrolyzer with modulated means of rotation, to promote mixing and exposure of the biomass to heat, thereby allowing complete and efficient pyrolysis of biomass therein. The invention has a portal arrangement for simultaneous entry of fuel and air alongside the exit of emissions and flames to a separate hood structure. In addition to rotational modulation for mixing, the rotational capabilities of the kiln also permit the removal of processed charcoal when the portal is turned downward. The invention also has a system of internal prongs for mixing and sifting removal of char, as well as automated fuel delivery mechanisms and a system of openings to allow insertion of pipes and sensors into the kiln for monitoring and for additional delivery of reagents for better modulation and efficiency by a user during the pyrolyzation process.

The invention presents a covered cavity kiln pyrolyzer with modulated means of rotation, to promote mixing and exposure of the biomass to heat, thereby allowing complete and efficient pyrolysis of biomass therein. The invention has a portal arrangement for simultaneous entry of fuel and air alongside the exit of emissions and flames to a separate hood structure. In addition to rotational modulation for mixing, the rotational capabilities of the kiln also permit the removal of processed charcoal when the portal is turned downward. The invention also has a system of internal prongs for mixing and sifting removal of char, as well as automated fuel delivery mechanisms and a system of openings to allow insertion of pipes and sensors into the kiln for monitoring and for additional delivery of reagents for better modulation and efficiency by a user during the pyrolyzation process.

A method is described for treating a hydrocarbon oil feedstream to a delayed coking unit to maximize the ratio of the yield of liquids-to-gases, and to minimize the formation of coke which includes: a. mixing an oil-soluble catalyst with the hydrocarbon oil feedstream to produce a uniform mixture; b. contacting the catalyst-containing hydrocarbon oil feedstream with an excess of hydrogen under predetermined conditions that are favorable to maximizing the solubility of the hydrogen in the feedstream in a hydrogen distribution zone that is upstream of the coking unit; c. introducing the feedstream containing the solubilized catalyst and dissolved hydrogen, and the excess hydrogen gas into a flashing zone; d. recovering from the flashing zone a hydrogen gas stream and a single-phase hydrocarbon oil feedstream containing dissolved hydrogen and catalyst; e. maintaining the hydrocarbon oil feedstream containing dissolved hydrogen and catalyst under single-phase conditions to promote the reaction of the dissolved hydrogen with free radicals formed in the feedstream and to promote the catalyzed hydrodesulfurization of any sulfur-containing compounds present in the feedstream; f. introducing the catalyst-containing feedstream into a coking furnace upstream of the coking unit to heat the feedstream to a predetermined coking temperature; g. introducing the hot feedstream into the coking unit; and h. recovering a coking unit product stream that is free of catalyst and forming a coke product that contains the catalyst.

An apparatus for supplying additives into a coker drum includes an inlet for supplying a hydrocarbon feed stream into the coker drum and conduits along the circumference of walls of the coker drum. Each conduit has an injection nozzle to supply additives inside the coker drum. An injection control system controls the operation of the injection nozzles such that 1) one or more of the injection nozzles placed within a first distance above a vapour liquid interphase of the hydrocarbon feed stream are configured to supply the additives; and 2) supply of the additive discontinues from a particular injection nozzle when a distance between the injection nozzle and the vapour liquid interphase is less than or equal to a second distance. The apparatus optionally includes a mechanical drive system moving at least one of the conduits based on the level of the vapour liquid interphase in the coker drum.

An apparatus for supplying additives into a coker drum includes an inlet for supplying a hydrocarbon feed stream into the coker drum and conduits along the circumference of walls of the coker drum. Each conduit has an injection nozzle to supply additives inside the coker drum. An injection control system controls the operation of the injection nozzles such that 1) one or more of the injection nozzles placed within a first distance above a vapour liquid interphase of the hydrocarbon feed stream are configured to supply the additives; and 2) supply of the additive discontinues from a particular injection nozzle when a distance between the injection nozzle and the vapour liquid interphase is less than or equal to a second distance. The apparatus optionally includes a mechanical drive system moving at least one of the conduits based on the level of the vapour liquid interphase in the coker drum.

The present invention is directed to a method, apparatus and system that are configured to process asphalt roofing shingles so that solid constituent components of such asphalt roofing shingles may be used in asphalt mixtures. The present invention may include pyrolysis of asphalt binder present in the asphalt roofing shingles in order to develop a layer of coke on the solid constituent components, so that the solid constituent components may be suitable for use in the asphalt mixtures in quantities of 5 to 30% by weight of the total weight of the asphalt mixtures. The present invention is also directed to the asphalt mixtures that include 5 to 30% by weight of the solid constituent components of the asphalt roofing shingles that have been processed in accordance with the method, apparatus and/or system of the present invention.

A high temperature carbonization furnace has a cavity, at least two microwave units and a control unit. Each microwave unit is disposed along a processing path of the cavity. The control circuit receives signals of temperature sensors distributed on the processing path of the cavity. The control unit generates controls signals to control magnetrons of the different microwave units to be turned on/off, or to control powers of the magnetrons of the different microwave units, such that a location of the processing path, on which the microwave unit disposed, can attain an expected temperature condition. Further, the temperatures in the cavity can be adjusted precisely, such that the temperature distribution in the cavity is uniform, the uniformity for heating the processing object can be increased, and the temperature gradient of different temperature control regions can be controlled and adjusted, so as to achieve the advantage of adjusting and controlling the temperature condition of the processing path according to the requirement of the processing object.

A high temperature carbonization furnace has a cavity, at least two microwave units and a control unit. Each microwave unit is disposed along a processing path of the cavity. The control circuit receives signals of temperature sensors distributed on the processing path of the cavity. The control unit generates controls signals to control magnetrons of the different microwave units to be turned on/off, or to control powers of the magnetrons of the different microwave units, such that a location of the processing path, on which the microwave unit disposed, can attain an expected temperature condition. Further, the temperatures in the cavity can be adjusted precisely, such that the temperature distribution in the cavity is uniform, the uniformity for heating the processing object can be increased, and the temperature gradient of different temperature control regions can be controlled and adjusted, so as to achieve the advantage of adjusting and controlling the temperature condition of the processing path according to the requirement of the processing object.