A biomass treatment method includes steps as follows. A biomass and sodium percarbonate are provided, wherein the biomass includes hemicellulose, cellulose and/or lignin. The biomass and the sodium percarbonate are mixed.

A biomass treatment method includes steps as follows. A biomass and sodium percarbonate are provided, wherein the biomass includes hemicellulose, cellulose and/or lignin. The biomass and the sodium percarbonate are mixed.

A process for the non-oxidative thermal degradation of a rubber containing waste including: transporting the rubber containing waste along a horizontal axis of a hermetically sealed cylindrical reactor including: an inlet and an outlet, one or more thermal reaction zones arranged between the inlet and the outlet, wherein each zone is provided with: one or more heating elements controllable to heat the zone to an operating temperature, and one or more gas outlets for withdrawing volatile gas or gases evolved during the thermal degradation; and a screw auger located within the reactor, the screw augur configured to rotate in both the forward and reverse directions to agitate and transport the rubber containing waste through the reaction zones and to the outlet; heating the said waste, in the one or more thermal zones, to a temperature above the degradation temperature of rubber for a time sufficient to produce the volatile gas or gases and the char product.

A process for the non-oxidative thermal degradation of a rubber containing waste including: transporting the rubber containing waste along a horizontal axis of a hermetically sealed cylindrical reactor including: an inlet and an outlet, one or more thermal reaction zones arranged between the inlet and the outlet, wherein each zone is provided with: one or more heating elements controllable to heat the zone to an operating temperature, and one or more gas outlets for withdrawing volatile gas or gases evolved during the thermal degradation; and a screw auger located within the reactor, the screw augur configured to rotate in both the forward and reverse directions to agitate and transport the rubber containing waste through the reaction zones and to the outlet; heating the said waste, in the one or more thermal zones, to a temperature above the degradation temperature of rubber for a time sufficient to produce the volatile gas or gases and the char product.

The present invention pertains to the recovery, separation and the unique product mixtures obtained by recovery and separation of coal-tar oils produced from low-rank-coal by a novel mild-temperature pyrolysis [MTP] process originating at the point where the vapor phase exits the pyrolysis reactor. Mild-temperature pyrolysis [MTP] takes place below 1200 F. in contrast to the high-temperature pyrolysis [HTP] that is operated at 1600-2000 F. for coke oven processing of metallurgical coke. The yield and composition of coal-tar-oil recovered from MTP are quite different from HTP coal-tar. In order to optimize the oil recovery process, the most appropriate recovery and separation processes therefore also will be different. The MTP process produces coal-tar containing a major fraction of strongly polar compounds mixed with non-polar compounds that separates into several liquid phases and overlap in their distillation ranges. This invention addresses the distinct product fractions obtained from MTP and the integrated multi step oil recovery and product separation process, which is designed with the objective to improve and facilitate the product separation, decrease the required amount of energy for separation and equipment cost for downstream processing.

The present invention pertains to the recovery, separation and the unique product mixtures obtained by recovery and separation of coal-tar oils produced from low-rank-coal by a novel mild-temperature pyrolysis [MTP] process originating at the point where the vapor phase exits the pyrolysis reactor. Mild-temperature pyrolysis [MTP] takes place below 1200 F. in contrast to the high-temperature pyrolysis [HTP] that is operated at 1600-2000 F. for coke oven processing of metallurgical coke. The yield and composition of coal-tar-oil recovered from MTP are quite different from HTP coal-tar. In order to optimize the oil recovery process, the most appropriate recovery and separation processes therefore also will be different. The MTP process produces coal-tar containing a major fraction of strongly polar compounds mixed with non-polar compounds that separates into several liquid phases and overlap in their distillation ranges. This invention addresses the distinct product fractions obtained from MTP and the integrated multi step oil recovery and product separation process, which is designed with the objective to improve and facilitate the product separation, decrease the required amount of energy for separation and equipment cost for downstream processing.

Apparatus for processing waste-derived cellulose fibre into carbon char comprises an autoclave for treating waste with steam to produce processed material. The processed material includes cellulose fibre and plastics. The apparatus also includes a drying system for drying the cellulose fibre, and a torrefying unit for torrefying the dried cellulose fibre to produce carbon char. Thermal conversion means for thermally converting either said plastics or said VOCs provides heat for at least one of the autoclave, the drying system and the torrefying unit.

Apparatus for processing waste-derived cellulose fibre into carbon char comprises an autoclave for treating waste with steam to produce processed material. The processed material includes cellulose fibre and plastics. The apparatus also includes a drying system for drying the cellulose fibre, and a torrefying unit for torrefying the dried cellulose fibre to produce carbon char. Thermal conversion means for thermally converting either said plastics or said VOCs provides heat for at least one of the autoclave, the drying system and the torrefying unit.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of pyrolysis and improvement of caking middling coals, in particular to a low temperature pyrolysis method of a caking middling coal. The present disclosure provides a low temperature pyrolysis method of a caking middling coal, including the following steps: conveying the caking middling coal into a pyrolysis reactor through a top of the pyrolysis reactor; dividing a reaction chamber of the pyrolysis reactor into a drying section, a softening section, a melting and depolymerization section, a solidification section, and a cooling section by means of multi-channel gas distribution; and conducting zoned temperature control-based pyrolysis to obtain semi-coke at a bottom of the reactor as well as tar and coal gas at the top of the reactor. The pyrolysis method can well avoid caking and swelling of the caking middling coal during pyrolysis.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of pyrolysis and improvement of caking middling coals, in particular to a low temperature pyrolysis method of a caking middling coal. The present disclosure provides a low temperature pyrolysis method of a caking middling coal, including the following steps: conveying the caking middling coal into a pyrolysis reactor through a top of the pyrolysis reactor; dividing a reaction chamber of the pyrolysis reactor into a drying section, a softening section, a melting and depolymerization section, a solidification section, and a cooling section by means of multi-channel gas distribution; and conducting zoned temperature control-based pyrolysis to obtain semi-coke at a bottom of the reactor as well as tar and coal gas at the top of the reactor. The pyrolysis method can well avoid caking and swelling of the caking middling coal during pyrolysis.