A biomass carbonizing apparatus (100) includes a rotary kiln (2) as a carbonization furnace configured to carbonize biomass, a combustion furnace (41) configured to combust gas discharged from the carbonization furnace, a duct (42) connecting the carbonization furnace and the combustion furnace, and an oxygen-containing gas feed unit (45) configured to feed oxygen-containing gas to the duct during operation of the carbonization furnace.

A biomass carbonizing apparatus (100) includes a rotary kiln (2) as a carbonization furnace configured to carbonize biomass, a combustion furnace (41) configured to combust gas discharged from the carbonization furnace, a duct (42) connecting the carbonization furnace and the combustion furnace, and an oxygen-containing gas feed unit (45) configured to feed oxygen-containing gas to the duct during operation of the carbonization furnace.

A biochar is produced by co-pyrolysing an aquatic plant enriched with heavy metals with a clay mineral, and the aquatic plants themselves have high enrichment and adsorb heavy metals in contaminated water; heavy metals are in situ adsorbed, and are coated or enriched in the biochar, therefore extending the migration time of heavy metals, which are also very stable; attapulgite and montmorillonite as clay minerals are loaded in the biochar during the preparing process; heavy metals contained in the biochar play a catalytic role, and synergy with activated attapulgite, therefore increasing the reliability of the biochar, and effectively reducing the ecological effectiveness and potential risk of heavy metals in the biochar.

A biochar is produced by co-pyrolysing an aquatic plant enriched with heavy metals with a clay mineral, and the aquatic plants themselves have high enrichment and adsorb heavy metals in contaminated water; heavy metals are in situ adsorbed, and are coated or enriched in the biochar, therefore extending the migration time of heavy metals, which are also very stable; attapulgite and montmorillonite as clay minerals are loaded in the biochar during the preparing process; heavy metals contained in the biochar play a catalytic role, and synergy with activated attapulgite, therefore increasing the reliability of the biochar, and effectively reducing the ecological effectiveness and potential risk of heavy metals in the biochar.

A method for providing raw material for an industrial process, in particular for steel production, the method including torrefying a torrefaction material, which contains biomass, in a reactor by thermochemically treating the torrefaction material at 200? C. to 600? C., to obtain bio coal, extracting the bio coal from the reactor at a first temperature of up to 600? C., providing bulk materials at a second temperature between 0? C. and 100? C., mixing bio coal with bulk material, thereby cooling down the bio coal with the bulk material and obtaining a mixture of bulk material and bio coal at a third temperature, below the self-ignition temperature of the mixture, and using the mixture to provide the raw material for the industrial process.

The present invention relates to a system and to a method for the energy-efficient transformation of mixed plastic waste into hydrocarbons in liquid, paste, solid and gas form for use in products in the value chain of the circular economy for plastic.

The present invention relates to a system and to a method for the energy-efficient transformation of mixed plastic waste into hydrocarbons in liquid, paste, solid and gas form for use in products in the value chain of the circular economy for plastic.

A material heating device comprises a rotary kiln, a plurality of heat exchange tubes, a hot air hood, a high-temperature gas input mechanism, an exhaust-gas collecting chamber, and an exhaust-gas output pipeline. The rotary kiln is provided with a material feed end and a material discharge end. The heat exchange tubes are in the rotary kiln. The hot air hood is outside the rotary kiln. The air inlet ends of the heat exchange tubes communicate with the hot air hood, and the air outlet ends of the heat exchange tubes communicate with the exhaust-gas collecting chamber. The exhaust-gas collecting chamber communicates with the exhaust-gas output pipeline. The hot air hood communicates with the high-temperature gas input mechanism, and the cavity between the heat exchange tubes and the heat insulation layer of the rotary kiln is a material channel. The heat exchange tubes are directly in contact with the material.

A material heating device comprises a rotary kiln, a plurality of heat exchange tubes, a hot air hood, a high-temperature gas input mechanism, an exhaust-gas collecting chamber, and an exhaust-gas output pipeline. The rotary kiln is provided with a material feed end and a material discharge end. The heat exchange tubes are in the rotary kiln. The hot air hood is outside the rotary kiln. The air inlet ends of the heat exchange tubes communicate with the hot air hood, and the air outlet ends of the heat exchange tubes communicate with the exhaust-gas collecting chamber. The exhaust-gas collecting chamber communicates with the exhaust-gas output pipeline. The hot air hood communicates with the high-temperature gas input mechanism, and the cavity between the heat exchange tubes and the heat insulation layer of the rotary kiln is a material channel. The heat exchange tubes are directly in contact with the material.

Waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSF), is separated into a wet fraction and refuse derived fuel (RDF). For example, the waste may be separated in a press. The wet fraction is treated in an anaerobic digester. The RDF is further separated into a cellulosic fraction and a non-cellulosic fraction. The cellulosic fraction is treated by pyrolysis and produces a pyrolysis liquid. The pyrolysis liquid is added to the anaerobic digester.