The present invention relates to a process for the production of butenes and butadienes from waste plastics feedstocks comprising the steps in this order of: (a) providing a hydrocarbon stream A obtained by hydrotreatment of pyrolysis oil produced from a waste plastics feedstock; (b) optionally providing a hydrocarbon stream B; (c) supplying a feed C comprising a fraction of the hydrocarbon stream A and optionally a fraction of the hydrocarbon stream B to a thermal cracker furnace comprising cracking coil(s); (d) performing a thermal cracking operation in the presence of steam to obtain a cracked hydrocarbon stream D; (e) supplying the cracked hydrocarbon stream D to one or more separation units; (f) performing a separation operation to obtain different streams of chemical products comprising ethylene, propylene, isobutene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1,2-butadiene, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, styrene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes; wherein in step (d): the coil outlet temperature is >800 and <870° C., preferably >805 and <835° C.; and the weight ratio of steam to feed C is >0.3 and <0.8, preferably >0.3 and <0.5. Such process allows for optimisation of the quantity of waste plastic material that finds its way back into products that are produced as outcome of the process. The higher that quantity is, i.e. the higher the quantity of chemical building blocks that are present in the waste plastic material that are converted to the produced products, the better the sustainability footprint of the process is. The process allows for circular utilisation of plastics.

Processes of catalytically pyrolyzing solid hydrocarbonaceous materials in a downflow fluid bed reactor and regenerating the catalyst in an upflow fluidized bed reactor are described. Systems and compositions useful in the catalytic pyrolysis of plastics are also described.

A process is provided for utilizing polypropylene-containing waste plastic. The process provides pyrolyzing a plastic feed in a pyrolysis reactor to obtain a pyrolysis effluent stream. The process further provides passing the pyrolysis effluent stream to a distillation column to obtain a C.sub.9 hydrocarbons rich stream which is also dimethylheptenes rich and then passing the C.sub.9 hydrocarbons rich stream to a reforming unit to provide a reformate stream. The process further provides passing the reformate stream to a transalkylation unit to provide a mixed-xylenes stream.

A process for treating a plastic waste and a spent caustic, the process comprising the steps of mixing a feed plastic and a spent caustic stream in a feed mixer to produce a mixed feed, wherein the feed plastic comprises the plastic waste in the form of plastic waste chips; introducing the mixed feed to a hydrothermal reactor; reacting the mixed feed in the hydrothermal reactor to produce an effluent, wherein chlorine is removed from the plastic waste in the presence of the sodium hydroxide, wherein the chlorine reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloride and water; introducing the effluent to a washing and dewatering unit, wherein the effluent comprises liquid phase materials and solid materials, wherein the solid materials comprise dechlorinated plastics; and separating the liquid phase materials and solid materials in the washing and dewatering unit to produce a dechlorinated plastic waste and a neutralized wastewater.

A two-step process that includes a pyrolytic first step carried out in a mechanically or gravitationally impelled reactor and a catalytic fluid bed second step that upgrades the resulting vapor, for the conversion of waste plastics, polymers, and other waste materials to useful chemical and fuel products such as paraffins, olefins, and aromatics such as BTX is described.

The present disclosure relates to co-processing at least a fossil-based feed, pyrolysis liquid and a distillation residue from tall oil distillation in an oil refinery conversion process.

Methods for production of multiple biofuels through thermal fractionation of biomass feedstocks are described. The products of said methods are also described.

The invention relates to a method for the pyrolysis of a hydrocarbon-containing solid biomass for the obtention of liquid and/or gaseous energy carriers in the presence of a heat carrier, whereby a mixture of the heat carrier and the biomass is heated to the pyrolysis of the biomass. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the biomass is impregnated with a volatile, non-aqueous liquid before being mixed with the heat carrier.

A process to utilize at least one water lean zone (WLZ) interspersed within a net pay zone in a reservoir and produce bitumen from the reservoir, includes using Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage with Oxygen (SAGDOX) to enhance oil recovery, locating a SAGDOX oxygen injector proximate the WLZ, and removing non-condensable gases.

A high temperature high pressure electrostatic treater and method of use are described for removing water from heavy crude oil. The electrostatic treater is comprised of a vessel with a wet bitumen inlet and water outlet in the upper portion of the vessel, a dry bitumen outlet in the lower portion of the vessel, a plurality of electrodes on an electrically isolating support inside the vessel, an entrance bushing, and an interface control to regulate the flow of water through the water outlet. The water outlet is located above the dry bitumen outlet. The electrostatic treater and method reduce the amount of diluent needed to process the heavy crude when compared to the prior art.