A process for production of useful hydrocarbon materials from plastic waste and reaction system therefor is provided. The process includes frequentatively thermolyzing of high molecular weight hydrocarbons such as plastic waste to produce useful medium molecular weight hydrocarbons and low molecular weight hydrocarbons. The process utilizes low molecular weight hydrocarbons as solution reactants which helps in reducing the viscosity of the material for more effective heat transfer. The process also includes addition of one or more low molecular weight olefins and solution reactants to high molecular weight hydrocarbons to augment the free radical environment. The process also includes hydrogenating and oxidizing the high molecular weight hydrocarbons. The process enables production of the useful, predominantly hydrocarbon materials such as waxes, lube oil base-stocks, refinery feedstocks, intermediates or fuel additives. The present invention also provides a reaction system comprising thermolysis reactor including a primary zone and an optional secondary zone for production of useful hydrocarbon materials from plastic waste.

A process for steam cracking a whole crude including a volatilization step performed to maintain a relatively large hydrocarbon droplet size. The process may include contacting a whole crude with steam to volatilize a portion of the hydrocarbons, wherein the contacting of the hydrocarbon feedstock and steam is conducted at an initial relative velocity of less than 30 m/s, for example. The resulting vapor phase, including volatilized hydrocarbons and steam may then be separated from a liquid phase comprising unvaporized hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons in the vapor phase may then be forwarded to a steam pyrolysis reactor for steam cracking of the hydrocarbons in the vapor phase.

Methods are described for the production of a hydrocarbon product and selective rejection of low quality hydrocarbons from a bitumen-containing material, where product quality, production yield, processing input requirements, and environmental benefits are assessed for selecting a candidate method for deployment. The methods facilitate selection and deployment of sustainable hydrocarbon production operations rather than focusing on maximizing volumetric yield of hydrocarbons.

Processes herein may be used to thermally crack various hydrocarbon feeds, and may eliminate the refinery altogether while making the crude to chemicals process very flexible in terms of crude. In embodiments herein, crude is progressively separated into at least light and heavy fractions. Depending on the quality of the light and heavy fractions, these are routed to one of three upgrading operations, including a fixed bed hydroconversion unit, a fluidized catalytic conversion unit, or a residue hydrocracking unit that may utilize an ebullated bed reactor. Products from the upgrading operations may be used as feed to a steam cracker.

The present disclosure generally relates to compositions and methods of simultaneously making two unique biointermediates from a single lignocellulosic biomass feedstock, including a hydrophobic biohydrocarbon and a water insoluble hydrophilic cellulosic biopolymer for use in the production of renewable fuels, chemicals, and other carbon neutral materials commonly derived from petroleum and other fossil resources.

The invention relates to a method of separating and purifying products from a high pressure processing system adapted for processing a feed mixture comprising carbonaceous material(-s) at a pressure of from about 150 bar to about 400 bar and a temperature from about 300 C. to about 430 C. in the presence of homogeneous catalysts in the form of potassium and/or sodium in a concentration of at least 0.5% by weight and liquid organic compounds in a concentration from about 5% to about 40% by weight in a predefined time thereby producing a converted feed mixture, wherein the converted feed mixture is cooled to a temperature in the range 50 to 250 C., and depressurized to a pressure in the range 1 to 150 bar, and where the converted feed mixture is separated in to a gas phase comprising carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and methane, an oil phase comprising oil phase liquid organic compounds, and a water phase comprising water phase liquid organic compounds, dissolved salts and optionally suspended particles, where the water phase liquid organic compounds and dissolved homogenous catalysts in the form of potassium and/or sodium are at least partly recovered from said water phase thereby producing a first water phase stream enriched in water phase liquid organic compounds and homogeneous catalysts in the form of potassium and sodium, and a second water phase stream depleted in water phase liquid organic compounds and homogeneous catalysts in the form of potassium and sodium, where the first water phase is at least partly recycled to said the feed mixture to provide at least part of said liquid organic compounds and homogeneous catalysts in the feed mixture, and where further a bleed stream is withdrawn from said water phase enriched in water phase liquid organic compounds and homogeneous catalysts in the form of potassium and sodium prior to recycling said first recycle stream to the feed mixture.

A method having the following steps: subjecting plastic waste material to a thermal pre-treatment in order to produce a liquid plastic mass, wherein the thermal pre-treatment of the plastic material is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature that varies between 110 C. and 310 C.; simultaneously feeding the liquid plastic mass to a reaction apparatus; bringing the plastic mass into contact with a bed of particles of inorganic porous material contained inside the reaction apparatus at a temperature of between 300 and 600 C.; inducing thermocatalytic decomposition reactions at a temperature of between 300 and 600 C. in order to generate a mixture of hydrocarbons in a vapor phase; and separating the hydrocarbons from the vapor phase current generated inside the reaction means in order to produce a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons.

Naphtha compositions with enhanced reformability are provided. The naphtha compositions can be derived from biomass, can exhibit improved N+2A values, and can be used as a reformer feedstock with little or no processing.

Processes herein may be used to thermally crack various hydrocarbon feeds, and may eliminate the refinery altogether while making the crude to chemicals process very flexible in terms of crude. In embodiments herein, crude is progressively separated into at least light and heavy fractions. Depending on the quality of the light and heavy fractions, these are routed to one of three upgrading operations, including a fixed bed hydroconversion unit, a fluidized catalytic conversion unit, or a residue hydrocracking unit that may utilize an ebullated bed reactor. Products from the upgrading operations may be used as feed to a steam cracker.

Processes herein may be used to thermally crack various hydrocarbon feeds, and may eliminate the refinery altogether while making the crude to chemicals process very flexible in terms of crude. In embodiments herein, crude is progressively separated into at least light and heavy fractions. Depending on the quality of the light and heavy fractions, these are routed to one of three upgrading operations, including a fixed bed hydroconversion unit, a fluidized catalytic conversion unit, or a residue hydrocracking unit that may utilize an ebullated bed reactor. Products from the upgrading operations may be used as feed to a steam cracker.