A system for hydrothermal reaction comprises a heater (3) including a circulating component for fluid flowing across and a heat source for heating fluid, and a reactor (4, 5) including a heat preserving container in communication with the circulating component via pipes. A method for hydrothermal reaction comprises heating the fluid including the reactant and water for hydrothermal reaction, and feeding the heated fluid to the heat preserving container to perform the hydrothermal reaction.

A process for converting biomass to products is described. Biomass is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a fluidized bed of hydropyrolysis catalyst in a reactor vessel under hydropyrolysis conditions; and products and char are removed from the reactor vessel. The products leave the fluidized bed at an exit bed velocity, the char has a settling velocity that is less than the exit bed velocity and hydropyrolysis catalyst has a settling velocity that is greater than the exit bed velocity.

The invention shows an apparatus for recycling bituminous material bodies by melting, in particular for recycling bituminous composite material bodies comprising a composite material and a bituminous material, in particular roofing materials, in particular in the form of bituminous covering layers of roofing sheets, the apparatus including: a vessel having a vessel wall surrounding an interior space of the vessel extending along a vertical axis of the vessel for receiving the bituminous material bodies, a bottom plate and a compression plate extending transverse to the vertical axis wherein at least the compression plate has a number of through flow orifices adapted to allow a through flow of molten bituminous material, wherein the plates are movable along the vertical axis such that in a first operating state the compression plate is in a middle position for forming a melting space of larger size between the compression plate and the bottom plate for melting bituminous material in the melting space wherein the bottom plate is in a melting position, in a second operating state the compression plate is in a lower position for forming a compression space of minor size between the compression plate and the bottom plate for compressing solid residues and/or solid composite material in the compression space, and wherein
molten bituminous material is retained in a storing space above the compression plate for storing and/or discharging bituminous material, wherein the bottom plate is in a compression position, wherein the compression plate is movable from the middle position to the lower position.

The invention shows an apparatus for recycling bituminous material bodies by melting, in particular for recycling bituminous composite material bodies comprising a composite material and a bituminous material, in particular roofing materials, in particular in the form of bituminous covering layers of roofing sheets, the apparatus including: a vessel having a vessel wall surrounding an interior space of the vessel extending along a vertical axis of the vessel for receiving the bituminous material bodies, a bottom plate and a compression plate extending transverse to the vertical axis wherein at least the compression plate has a number of through flow orifices adapted to allow a through flow of molten bituminous material, wherein the plates are movable along the vertical axis such that in a first operating state the compression plate is in a middle position for forming a melting space of larger size between the compression plate and the bottom plate for melting bituminous material in the melting space wherein the bottom plate is in a melting position, in a second operating state the compression plate is in a lower position for forming a compression space of minor size between the compression plate and the bottom plate for compressing solid residues and/or solid composite material in the compression space, and wherein
molten bituminous material is retained in a storing space above the compression plate for storing and/or discharging bituminous material, wherein the bottom plate is in a compression position, wherein the compression plate is movable from the middle position to the lower position.

A method of measuring and controlling a temperature distribution at a member is disclosed. A probe is placed proximate the member. The probe has a plurality of longitudinally-spaced reflective elements. An ultrasonic pulse is generated at a selected location of the probe so as to propagate along the probe. Reflected pulses are received at the selected location from the plurality of longitudinally-spaced reflective elements. The distribution of temperature at the member is determined from the reflected pulses. The determined distribution of temperature may be used in controlling the temperature of the member. The member may be a solid or fluid.

The invention relates to a feed mixture for use in a process for producing hydrocarbons under increased pressure and temperature conditions, where the feed mixture comprises one or more carbonaceous feedstocks and water, where further a texturing agent has been added to the feed mixture, the texturing agent being adapted to stabilize the feed mixture to prevent separation and further to maintain the feed mixture as a homogenous mixture during a pressurization. Further the invention relates to processes for manufacturing such feed mixture.

This invention relates to the processing of plastics materials for re-use and valorisation in chemical recycling processes for the re-use of substantially plastics materials otherwise destined for disposal.

In particular the invention relates to a process for the pyrolysis of substantially plastics material to obtain at least liquid hydrocarbons that are in the liquid state at 25 C. comprising the following steps: a) feeding the substantially plastics material optionally already in the molten and/or preheated state to a pyrolysis reactor; b) bringing said material in said pyrolysis reactor to a temperature of between 330 C. and 580 C. in the substantial absence of oxygen and at a pressure of between atmospheric pressure and 13 bar (a); c) holding said material in said pyrolysis reactor at a temperature of between 330 C. and 580 C. for a time sufficient to produce at least one effluent in the gaseous state in said pyrolysis reactor; d) adjusting the pressure in said pyrolysis reactor in relation to characteristic parameters defined by the composition of said substantially plastics material and/or characteristic parameters defined by the products of said pyrolysis process, while maintaining said pressure at a value of between atmospheric pressure and 13 bar (a); e) partly or totally condensing said effluent in the gaseous state so as to form at least one fluid comprising liquid hydrocarbons that are in the liquid state at 25 C. which quantitatively is at least 10% by mass with respect to the mass of substantially plastics material fed; f) the process being characterized by the fact that the pressure adjustment of step d) has low latency.

The present invention relates to a raw-material supply system and a raw-material supply method for pyrolyzing waste plastic including PVC and PET. The raw-material supply system includes: a slaked-lime supply device (12) configured to feed slaked lime to the waste plastic; an operation controller (15) configured to instruct the slaked-lime supply device (12) to feed the slaked lime to the waste plastic, the slaked lime to be fed having the number of moles that is 1 to 4 times a total number of moles of the polyvinyl chloride and the polyethylene terephthalate in the waste plastic; a melting dechlorination device (18) configured to dechlorinate the polyvinyl chloride and hydrolyze the polyethylene terephthalate by mixing the waste plastic and the slaked lime while heating the waste plastic and the slaked lime; a degassing hopper (20) coupled to the melting dechlorination device (18); and a raw-material supply device (22) configured to deliver the molten waste plastic from the degassing hopper (20) to a pyrolysis furnace (6).

The present invention is related to the treatment of plastic material to be destined for chemical recycling processes for the valorisation of substantially plastic material otherwise destined for disposal.

In particular, the invention concerns a process for the pyrolysis of substantially plastic material to obtain at least liquid hydrocarbons at 25 C. comprising the following steps: a) feeding to a pyrolysis reactor a substantially plastic material at least partially in the molten state; b) subjecting said substantially plastic material fed to a pyrolysis reactor to at least an analytical measurement Ax with in-line mode; c) determining the value of at least one Px property of said substantially plastic material by means of said at least one analytical measure Ax; d) installing at least one Ox parameter of the pyrolysis process based on the value of this at least one Px property;
characterised by the fact that at least one analytical measurement Ax provides or consists of the measurement of the spectrum in reflection of the light of the substantially plastic material.

The invention shows an apparatus for recycling bituminous material bodies by melting, in particular for recycling bituminous composite material bodies comprising a composite material and a bituminous material, in particular roofing materials, in particular in the form of bituminous covering layers of roofing sheets, the apparatus including: a vessel having a vessel wall surrounding an interior space of the vessel extending along a vertical axis of the vessel for receiving the bituminous material bodies, a bottom plate and a compression plate extending transverse to the vertical axis wherein at least the compression plate has a number of through flow orifices adapted to allow a through flow of molten bituminous material, wherein the plates are movable along the vertical axis such that in a first operating state the compression plate is in a middle position for forming a melting space of larger size between the compression plate and the bottom plate for melting bituminous material in the melting space wherein the bottom plate is in a melting position, in a second operating state the compression plate is in a lower position for forming a compression space of minor size between the compression plate and the bottom plate for compressing solid residues and/or solid composite material in the compression space, and
wherein
molten bituminous material is retained in a storing space above the compression plate for storing and/or discharging bituminous material, wherein the bottom plate is in a compression position, wherein the compression plate is movable from the middle position to the lower position.