This disclosure relates to the production of chemicals and plastics using pyrolysis oil from the pyrolysis of plastic waste as a co-feedstock along with a petroleum-based or fossil fuel co-feed, or as a feedstock in the absence of a petroleum-based or fossil fuel co-feed. A mass balance accounting approach is employed to attribute the pounds of pyrolyzed plastic products derived from pyrolysis oil to any output stream of a given unit, which permits assigning circular product credit to product streams. In an aspect, the polymers and chemicals produced according to this disclosure can be certified under International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) provisions as circular polymers and chemicals at any point along complex chemical reaction pathways.

A hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) system can comprise a biomass slurry source, a first pump in fluid communication with the slurry source and configured to pressurize a biomass slurry stream from the slurry source to a first pressure, a first heat exchanger in fluid communication with the first pump and configured to heat a slurry stream received from the first pump to a first temperature, a second pump in fluid communication with the first heat exchanger and configured to pressurize a slurry stream received from the first heat exchanger to a second pressure higher than the first pressure, a second heat exchanger in fluid communication with the second pump and configured to heat a slurry stream received from the second pump to a second temperature higher than the first temperature, and a HTL reactor configured to produce biocrude from a slurry stream received from the second heat exchanger.

A method is disclosed of producing hydrocarbons from a recycled or renewable organic material, wherein the recycled or renewable organic material contains from 5 to 30 wt-% oxygen as organic oxy-gen compounds and from 1 to 1000 ppm phosphorous as phosphorous compounds. Exemplary methods include (a) providing the recycled or renewable organic material (c) thermally cracking the recycled or renewable organic material thereby reducing the oxygen and phosphorous content of the recycled or renewable organic material to obtain (i) a vapor fraction containing a major part of volatiles, and (ii) a thermally cracked recycled or renewable organic material fraction containing less oxygen and less phosphorous than the recycled or renewable organic material provided in step (a); and (f) hydrotreating the thermally cracked recycled or renewable organic material fraction in a presence of a hydrotreating catalyst; to obtain hydrocarbons containing less than 1 wt % oxygen and less phosphorous than the recycled or re-newable organic material provided in step (a).

A non-petroleum or renewable feedstock containing oxygen and contaminants of metals, gums, and resins is treated by introducing the feedstock into a reactor at a flow velocity of at least 20 ft/sec. The feedstock is heated within the reactor and cooled to form a reduced-temperature reactor product. At least a portion of the reduced-temperature reactor product is feed into a hydroprocessing reactor containing a hydroprocessing catalyst to form a hydroprocessed product. The hydroprocessed product is cooled and non-condensable gases, metals and water are separated and removed to form a final product. The final product has an oxygen content that is 60% or less of that of the feedstock, and wherein the final product comprises 25 wt % or less any triglycerides, monoglycerides, diglycerides, free fatty acids, phosphatides, sterols, tocopherols, tocotrienols, or fatty alcohols, from 5 wt % to 30 wt % naphtha, and 50 wt % or more diesel.

This disclosure relates to the production of chemicals and plastics using pyrolysis oil from the pyrolysis of plastic waste as a co-feedstock along with a petroleum-based, fossil fuel-based, or bio-based feedstock. In an aspect, the polymers and chemicals produced according to this disclosure can be certified under International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) provisions as circular polymers and chemicals at any point along complex chemical reaction pathways. The use of a mass balance approach which attributes the pounds of pyrolyzed plastic products derived from pyrolysis oil to any output stream of a given unit has been developed, which permits ISCC certification agency approval.

The disclosure relates to a process for converting lignin (10) to renewable product (80), wherein the process comprises the following steps; mixing (100) lignin (10) with aqueous solution (20) to obtain a mixture (30); heating (110) the mixture (30) of step (a) to a temperature between 290 and 350° C., under a pressure from 70 to 165 bar, to obtain a first product mix (40); separating aqueous phase (53) and oil phase (50), and optionally gas (51) and solids (52), of the first product mix (40) of step (b); and heating (130) the oil phase (50) of step (c) and solvent (60) to obtain a second product mix (70). The second product mix (70) can be used as such, it can be directed to separation (140) or it can be upgraded. The obtained liquid renewable product is suitable as chemicals, fuel, fuel components or feedstock for fuel production.

In this invention, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are reacted in a process to form one or more chemical intermediates.

According to one embodiment, a system and process for the equalization of pressures of a flow stream across one or more valves is provided. A process circuit having clean non-abrasive fluid and at least one slave cylinder fbr transmitting pressure to a process flow stream is employed.

A combined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system and process are described that convert various biomass-containing sources into separable bio-oils and aqueous effluents that contain residual organics. Bio-oils may be converted to useful bio-based fuels and other chemical feedstocks. Residual organics in HTL aqueous effluents may be gasified and converted into medium-BTU product gases and directly used for process heating or to provide energy.

A method may include: hydropyrolyzing a bio feedstock in a hydropyrolysis unit to produce at least a hydropyrolysis oil; introducing at least a portion of the hydropyrolysis oil with a hydrocarbon co-feed into a fluidized catalytic cracking unit; and cracking the hydropyrolysis oil in the fluidized catalytic cracking unit to produce at least fuel range hydrocarbons.